Suchergebnisse

State, Nationalism, and Islamization -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Abbreviations and Acronyms -- List of Tables -- 1 Nationalism and Islamization: Is There a Causal Link? -- The Puzzle: Why the Islamization of Government? -- Lack of Political Legitimacy -- Weak, Heterogeneous State -- Presence of Popular Islamist Movements and Parties -- State Nationalism -- Religion and State Nationalism -- Islamization of Government -- Operationalization of Variables -- Measuring Islam's Role in State Nationalism -- Measuring the Islamization of Government -- Islam's Role in Turkish and Pakistani State Nationalism -- Research Design and Methodology -- Outline of the Book -- Implications -- Notes -- 2 Islam, Secularism and Constitutions -- What Is a Constitution? -- Constitution and Nation -- Turkish Constitutions -- The Early 1920s to the Mid-1940s -- 1921 Constitution -- 1924 Constitution -- The Late 1940s to Late 1970s -- 1961 Constitution -- The Early 1980s to Late 2000s -- 2010 Onwards -- Pakistani Constitutions -- The Late 1940s to Late 1960s -- 1956 Constitution -- 1962 Constitution -- The Early 1970s to Late 1990s -- Legal Framework Order, 1970 -- 1972 Interim Constitution -- 1973 Constitution -- 1999 Onwards -- Conclusion -- Notes -- 3 Islam and National Symbols -- Turkish National Symbols -- The Early 1920s to Mid-1940s -- The Red National Flag -- State Emblem -- The Two Turkish Anthems -- Presidential Emblem and Flag -- Ankara: A Modern and Secular City -- The Late 1940s to Late 1970s -- Kocatepe (National) Mosque -- The Hittite Sun Monument -- Two Anniversaries: Reappropriation of Islamic Past -- Five Hundredth Anniversary Celebrations of Istanbul Conquest -- Nine Hundredth Anniversary of the Battle of Manzikert -- The Early 1980s to Late 2000s -- The Restoration of Mehmet Ersoy and Glorification of IM -- Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge

"Religious Values and Worldviews" published on by Oxford University Press.

Since 2003, analysts have conceptualized Iraqi politics from the standpoint of the national scene in Baghdad. From this perspective, power dynamics in Iraq are understood through the lens of a national quota-based system (called muhassasah in Arabic) that distributes ministries and oil revenues across the country's political groups according to ethno-sectarian allotments. Ignored in this national-level approach are the distinct arenas of political competition beyond the capital, where both national and subnational political actors struggle for control over local oil and gas fields, border crossings, and government contracts. This report focuses on three of Iraq's most strategically important governorates, Nineveh, Basra, and Diyala. Since 2003, political parties and their corresponding armed forces – in addition to international actors such as the US military – have vied for influence in the three provinces through locally distinct forms of clientelism and violence. The report tracks the key shifts in each political marketplace between 2003 and the present, paying particular attention to the evolving usages of violence and flows of political finance. Political power at the local level is constituted and maintained both through coercion and transactional deals. Opportunistic alliances often cut across ethno-sectarian lines, defying assumptions around post-2003 identity-based politics. The primacy of purchasing loyalties over providing services has led to poor governance and pervasive instability. In the short and medium term, the political marketplaces of Nineveh, Basra and Diyala are likely to witness particularly turbulent dynamics due to the global crash in oil prices related to the COVID-19 pandemic, driving the parties and armed groups controlling the three governorates to compete more uncompromisingly over non-oil forms of revenue generation. In light of such developments on the horizon, the newly installed government in Baghdad has an ever-decreasing set of options at its disposal. The report concludes with both country-wide and locally-specific policy implications.

Introduction: The limited logic of order? -- Seduction of structure in nature -- The elements of earthly order -- Circularity, cyclicality and sustainability -- The orders of economic harmony -- Elusive orders of economic equilibrium -- Mindful errors and social order -- Sex, population and sustainability -- Empires and Edens -- Borders and functional political order -- From international to global order in the "Anthropocene" -- Conclusion: Reconciling orders -- Coda: Chromatic order.

Introduction: alchemy of a material world -- The pleasure of treasure. What lies beneath: the material and mystical origins of mineral wealth -- Creating value: the endurance of precious jewels -- The rush factor: tracing the mineral roots of global power through gold, coal, and oil -- Toil and treasure. The darker side of fortune: the psychology of treasure dependence -- Curing the resource curse: minerals and global development -- The spoils of the earth: the ecological toll of extractive excitement -- Measure for measure. Destination cradle: the quest for material cycling -- The restoration ethic: hurting and healing ecosystems -- Embracing the treasure impulse: toward cautionary creativity -- Epilogue: embracing uncertainty