Pakistan's National Accountability Ordinance and the facilitation of corrupt practices
In: Contemporary South Asia, Band 28, Heft 1, S. 86-99
ISSN: 1469-364X
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In: Contemporary South Asia, Band 28, Heft 1, S. 86-99
ISSN: 1469-364X
In: Commonwealth and comparative politics, Band 54, Heft 1, S. 115-137
ISSN: 1743-9094
In: Commonwealth & comparative politics, Band 54, Heft 1, S. 115
In: Armed forces & society, Band 42, Heft 2, S. 463-469
ISSN: 1556-0848
In 2014, Armed Forces & Society published Ali's work, "Contradiction of Concordance Theory: Failure to Understand Military intervention in Pakistan." Shortly thereafter in 2015, Schiff, the author of concordance theory, responded with "Concordance Theory in Pakistan: Response to Zulfiqar Ali." Schiff, in the Disputatio Sine Fine (DSF) section of Armed Forces & Society, defends concordance theory and puts forward four challenges to Ali's article. Here, this reply explains again why concordance theory not only fails to generate an adequate account of military intervention in Pakistan but also unintentionally imposes a Western style of governance.
In: Pakistan Perspectives, Band 19, Heft No.1
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In: Armed forces & society: official journal of the Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society : an interdisciplinary journal, Band 40, Heft 3, S. 544-567
ISSN: 0095-327X
World Affairs Online
In: Armed forces & society, Band 40, Heft 3, S. 544-567
ISSN: 1556-0848
There are several theoretical frameworks proposed by a wide range of scholars to explicate and understand civil and military relations. Rebecca Schiff's concordance theory is one of the recent models in this theoretical tradition. She argues that the theory of separation of civil and military relations given by Huntington not only fails to give an adequate account of domestic military interventions in Pakistan but also attempts to impose the American model of civil and military relations on it. Given the problems and flaws of the separation model, she proposes the concordance theory in place of the separation model. Schiff claims that the concordance theory provides an appropriate model to explain and to avoid military intervention in Pakistan. She purports to demonstrate that a military coup takes place due to discordance among three partners on four indicators. This article will show through the case study of Pakistan that concordance theory fails on four accounts. First, Pakistan's military coup is not the consequence of discordance but concordance. Second, there are not three partners but two. Third, the notion of four indicators runs the risk of oversimplification. Fourth, concordance theory makes somewhat the same mistake committed by the separation model attempting to superimpose the American civil and military framework upon Pakistan. This article will demonstrate that concordance theory draws the civil and military relations upon two rival approaches: abstract theoretical and multicultural approach. By consequence it goes through the internal contradiction because of which it is fated to fail. [Reprinted by permission; copyright Inter-University Seminar on Armed Forces and Society/Sage Publications Inc.]
In: Armed forces & society, Band 40, Heft 3, S. 544-567
ISSN: 1556-0848
There are several theoretical frameworks proposed by a wide range of scholars to explicate and understand civil and military relations. Rebecca Schiff's concordance theory is one of the recent models in this theoretical tradition. She argues that the theory of separation of civil and military relations given by Huntington not only fails to give an adequate account of domestic military interventions in Pakistan but also attempts to impose the American model of civil and military relations on it. Given the problems and flaws of the separation model, she proposes the concordance theory in place of the separation model. Schiff claims that the concordance theory provides an appropriate model to explain and to avoid military intervention in Pakistan. She purports to demonstrate that a military coup takes place due to discordance among three partners on four indicators. This article will show through the case study of Pakistan that concordance theory fails on four accounts. First, Pakistan's military coup is not the consequence of discordance but concordance. Second, there are not three partners but two. Third, the notion of four indicators runs the risk of oversimplification. Fourth, concordance theory makes somewhat the same mistake committed by the separation model attempting to superimpose the American civil and military framework upon Pakistan. This article will demonstrate that concordance theory draws the civil and military relations upon two rival approaches: abstract theoretical and multicultural approach. By consequence it goes through the internal contradiction because of which it is fated to fail.
In: Stability: International Journal of Security & Development, Band 1, Heft 1, S. 85
ISSN: 2165-2627
In: Journal of Islamic thought and civilization, Band 2, Heft 1, S. 57-71
ISSN: 2520-0313
In: Journal of Political Studies, Band 19, Heft 2, S. 169-170
Although there may be disagreements on almost all issues within Marxism, all schools from Western to Eastern Marxism are agreed on two points. They are clear and precise about the enemy: capitalism. And there is almost absolute consensus about the target of political struggle: bourgeois class. In the examination of Marxism it will be shown that there is no exact location and center of capitalism and bourgeoisie class, the overthrowing of which is presupposed to lead humanity to freedom and justice. This will be drawn upon the argument of Foucault. Foucault argues that it is useless to organize the class struggle against contemporary forms of power. He shows that modern forms of power do not spring from the bourgeois class but from various forms of rationalities. And it will also be argued that different forms of rationalities cannot be contested by class struggle. However, they can effectively be challenged by what Foucault calls the 'resistance movement'.
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In: The journal of philosophical economics: reflections on economic and social issues, Band V Issue 1, Heft Articles
ISSN: 1844-8208
This essay aims to explore Foucault's project of decentralizing economics and to hint on some implications. It also makes a comparative analysis between Foucault's project and the projects similar to his design and aim. I argue that Foucault's critique of the idea of economics as a science is stronger than that of the critiques which challenge the status of economics as a science by exposing its deep fictional, literary or narrative content and style. I argue that the strength of Foucault's decentralization project lies in the fact that he does not refer to the discursive content of economics in order to demonstrate that it is not a science. Instead, he unveils its epistemological conditions the character of which deeply haunts the sketch of economics as a science. Foucault undertakes decentralization both at the formal and historical level. At the formal level he shows that there are underlying epistemological conditions that govern the formation of discourses including economics in the West. At the historical level he demonstrates that there is no trace of economics up to the eighteenth century in the West. This fact, that economics is governed by modern Western epistemological conditions, encourages me to question the aim of teaching economics in societies such as Pakistan which are not part of the Western civilization.
In: Journal of Islamic thought and civilization, Band 1, Heft 1, S. 40-54
ISSN: 2520-0313
In: Chronic Poverty Research Centre Working Paper
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