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This paper analyzes Peter Berger's theory of secularization, its main arguments and recent developments in general described as the theory of desecularization. The first part of the text examines Berger's theory of religion as the sacred canopy and secularization as the process in which religious symbols and institutions loose their dominance in the contemporary society. The second part focuses on the recent developments in Berger's theory of secularization which is usually described as the theory of desecularization, its main arguments and factors. The third part presents arguments of main critique (Steve Bruce) and supporters (Grace Davie, Danièle Hervieu-Leger) of recent developments within Berger's theory of secularization. The paper ends with the generalizing insights into Berger's secularization and desecularization theories and their application for contemporary societies. The author concludes that desecularization theory should be tested within the societies of the new member states of the European Union; she also emphasizes that Berger's classical distinction between objective and subjective secularization remains useful tool for the analysis of religion in contemporary society.

This paper analyzes Peter Berger's theory of secularization, its main arguments and recent developments in general described as the theory of desecularization. The first part of the text examines Berger's theory of religion as the sacred canopy and secularization as the process in which religious symbols and institutions loose their dominance in the contemporary society. The second part focuses on the recent developments in Berger's theory of secularization which is usually described as the theory of desecularization, its main arguments and factors. The third part presents arguments of main critique (Steve Bruce) and supporters (Grace Davie, Danièle Hervieu-Leger) of recent developments within Berger's theory of secularization. The paper ends with the generalizing insights into Berger's secularization and desecularization theories and their application for contemporary societies. The author concludes that desecularization theory should be tested within the societies of the new member states of the European Union; she also emphasizes that Berger's classical distinction between objective and subjective secularization remains useful tool for the analysis of religion in contemporary society.

This paper analyzes Peter Berger's theory of secularization, its main arguments and recent developments in general described as the theory of desecularization. The first part of the text examines Berger's theory of religion as the sacred canopy and secularization as the process in which religious symbols and institutions loose their dominance in the contemporary society. The second part focuses on the recent developments in Berger's theory of secularization which is usually described as the theory of desecularization, its main arguments and factors. The third part presents arguments of main critique (Steve Bruce) and supporters (Grace Davie, Danièle Hervieu-Leger) of recent developments within Berger's theory of secularization. The paper ends with the generalizing insights into Berger's secularization and desecularization theories and their application for contemporary societies. The author concludes that desecularization theory should be tested within the societies of the new member states of the European Union; she also emphasizes that Berger's classical distinction between objective and subjective secularization remains useful tool for the analysis of religion in contemporary society.

This paper analyzes the phenomenon of anticlericalism in contemporary Lithuania, applying a sociohistorical approach. It starts with a discussion on the problem of criticism of religion and anticlericalism in contemporary societies, and particularly Lithuania. The empirical part of the paper provides a statistical data analysis of two surveys, conducted in 2012 and 2018. The secondary data analysis showed that age and place of residence of Roman Catholics in Lithuania were statistically meaningful factors for the formation of anticlerical stances. Younger respondents expressed more critical stances towards the clergy, while respondents living in large cities of the country had more relaxed stances towards clergy than those living in small towns and rural areas. Living in a proximity to a Roman Catholic church in rural areas determined the prevalent anticlerical attitudes among the Lithuanian population ; Politologijos katedra ; Sociologijos katedra ; Vytauto Didžiojo universitetas

This paper analyzes the issue of the representation of religious diversity in Lithuanian online media. The first part of the article represents the media's influence on the formation of public opinion. Also, it describes the most important issues of religious diversity representation in the media. The second part reveals the aspects of media representations of the Lithuanian Catholic Church, other traditional and non-traditional religious communities, and new religious movements. According to the empirical data, it can be stated that very popular online media in Lithuania frequently presents information that is negative, stereotypical and lacks objectivity about various issues related to religious diversity. The empirical data also showed that the analyzed online news portals are in favor of mainstream religious community representational politics that spread dominant religious values, attitudes and contribute to the existence of religious hegemony. However, representations of various new religious movements and other non-traditional religious communities are mostly negative, stereotypical and full of subjective judgments and argumentation.

This paper analyzes the issue of the representation of religious diversity in Lithuanian online media. The first part of the article represents the media's influence on the formation of public opinion. Also, it describes the most important issues of religious diversity representation in the media. The second part reveals the aspects of media representations of the Lithuanian Catholic Church, other traditional and non-traditional religious communities, and new religious movements. According to the empirical data, it can be stated that very popular online media in Lithuania frequently presents information that is negative, stereotypical and lacks objectivity about various issues related to religious diversity. The empirical data also showed that the analyzed online news portals are in favor of mainstream religious community representational politics that spread dominant religious values, attitudes and contribute to the existence of religious hegemony. However, representations of various new religious movements and other non-traditional religious communities are mostly negative, stereotypical and full of subjective judgments and argumentation.

This paper analyzes the issue of the representation of religious diversity in Lithuanian online media. The first part of the article represents the media's influence on the formation of public opinion. Also, it describes the most important issues of religious diversity representation in the media. The second part reveals the aspects of media representations of the Lithuanian Catholic Church, other traditional and non-traditional religious communities, and new religious movements. According to the empirical data, it can be stated that very popular online media in Lithuania frequently presents information that is negative, stereotypical and lacks objectivity about various issues related to religious diversity. The empirical data also showed that the analyzed online news portals are in favor of mainstream religious community representational politics that spread dominant religious values, attitudes and contribute to the existence of religious hegemony. However, representations of various new religious movements and other non-traditional religious communities are mostly negative, stereotypical and full of subjective judgments and argumentation.

Catholic majority societies and religious hegemony : concepts and comparisons / Ingo W. Schröder -- The history of religion in Lithuania since the 19th century / Arnas Streikus -- "We are all in exile here" : perceptions of death, the soul, and the afterlife in rural Lithuania / Lina Pranaityt -- The elusive religious field in Lithuania / Ingo W. Schröder -- From confrontation to conciliation : on syncretic rapprochement between Catholics and charismatic evangelists in Lithuania / Gediminas Lankauskas -- Romuva looks east : Indian inspiration in Lithuanian paganism / Michael Strmiska -- The new age milieu in Lithuania : popular Catholicism or religious alternative? / Milda Alisauskiene -- Muslims in Catholic Lithuania : divergent strategies in dealing with the marginality status / Egdnas Raius -- The neo-Buddhist White Lotus Movement in search for legitimacy / Donatas Glodenis

This paper discusses the results of the international applied research project 'UniDiversity – Universities Towards Diversity' that examined what discriminatory attitudes, beliefs and behaviours based on sexual orientation, gender identity and sex characteristics (SOGISC) exist in the Lithuanian, Greek and Italian academic environment. Specifically, this paper analyses how LGBTI+ individuals conceive of different forms of discrimination in the Lithuanian academic environment. The paper fills the knowledge gap in terms of intolerance and discrimination against LGBTI+ individuals at Lithuanian higher education institutions and provides its theoretical explanation. By focusing on the empirical data collected from survey and focus group interviews, the paper interprets them within the framework of both the sociopolitical context and theoretical debates about heteronormative attitudes. The paper argues that there exists a gap between the declarative openness to LGBTI+ people within Lithuanian universities and persisting stereotypes and discriminatory attitudes towards them.