Suchergebnisse

Since its emergence in the 19th century, ethnic nationalism has had a significant impact on both state policies and the social sphere in Greece. The Greek Church and education system played a significant role in the consolidation of ethnic nationalist understanding in society and the state apparatus. The constitution also recognizes orthodoxy as an integral part of Greek identity, which makes non-Orthodox Greek citizens a secondary citizen. Also, Article 19 of the Greek citizenship law, which was in force until 1998, divided Greek citizens into two categories: "Greeks" and "non-Greeks". Since the 1990s, this ethnic nationalist approach has been criticized by Greece's Western European partners and European institutions. In the same period, Greece underwent a rapid Europeanization process, and there were positive developments in minority rights such as the abolishment of Article 19. This study aims to analyze the impact of Europeanization in Greece on ethnic nationalism, which is decisive at the state and social levels. In doing so, it is to analyze the relationship between Greek nationalism and Europeanization within the framework of Kohn's classification of ethnic-social (civic) nationalism. This study aims to answer the question of whether there is a shift from ethnic nationalism to a civic (inclusive) understanding of nationalism in Greece due to the Europeanization efforts since the second half of the 1990s.

DOI:10.17336/igusbd.409435 ; Batı Trakya Müslüman Türkleri, 1923'ten günümüze kadar pek çok sorunla ve ayrımcılıkla karşı karşıya kalmış, özelikle Türk-Yunan ilişkilerinin Kıbrıs Sorunu sebebiyle bozulduğu 1970li yıllar sonrasında ayrımcılığın ve sorunların şiddeti artarak devam etmiştir. Bu sorunların başında, etnik kimliğin reddi, eğitim, vatandaşlıktan ıskat, din ve vicdan hürriyeti ve buna bağlı müftülük sorunu, kurumların kontrolü sorunu, demografik yapının değiştirilmesi, ifade özgürlüğüne sınırlamalar gelmektedir. Ancak, 1990'ların son yarısında ve 2000'li yıllarda Yunanistan'da azınlık hakları konusunda olumlu gelişmeler meydana gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, azınlığı mağdur eden tüm sorunların çözümü sağlanmasa bile bazı alanlardaki gelişmeler incelemeye değerdir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 1990'lardan itibaren Yunanistan'daki azınlık hakları konusunda Avrupalılaşma ve Avrupa kurumlarının etkisini analiz etmektir. ; The Turkish Muslim Minority in Western Thrace has been subject to discriminative practices and human right violations since 1923. Especially after the 1970s, when the Turkish-Greek relations deteriorated due to the Cyprus Problem, the situation for the Minority worsened dramatically. The most significant problems of the Minority are; the denial of ethnic identity, education, de-nationalization of the minority members, freedom of religion and the election of Muftis, the problem concerning the control of the Minority institutions, demographic changes, and the freedom of expression. Since the late 1990s and throughout the 2000s, considerable positive developments in minority rights have been taking place in Greece. Despite the liberalization of minority rights and softening of the discriminative measures and repressive policies, as the fundamental problems of Western Thrace Turks still persist, this process is worth examining. The aim of this study is to examine the role of Europeanization and European Institutions on the minority rights in Greece starting with the 1990s.