Occurrence and assessment of the risk of ultraviolet filters and light stabilizers in Victorian estuaries
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 25, Heft 12, S. 12022-12033
ISSN: 1614-7499
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In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 25, Heft 12, S. 12022-12033
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 143, S. 283-288
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 64, Heft 3, S. 304-311
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 30, Heft 47, S. 104870-104885
ISSN: 1614-7499
AbstractOrganic UV filters (OUVFs), the active ingredient in sunscreens, are of environmental concern due to reported ecotoxicological effects in aquatic biota. Determining the environmental concentrations of these chemicals is essential for understanding their fate and potential environmental risk. Salting‐out assisted liquid–liquid extraction (SALLE) coupled with liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was developed for simultaneous extraction, separation, and quantification of seven OUVFs (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2′,4,4′-tetrahydroxybenzophenone, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, butyl-methoxy-dibenzoyl methane, octocrylene, octyl methoxycinnamate, and oxybenzone). Method detection limits (MDLs) ranged from 11 to 45 ng/L and practical quantification limits (PQLs) from 33 to 135 ng/L. Method trueness, evaluated in terms of recovery, was 69–127%. Inter-day and intra-day variability was < 6% RSD. The coefficients of determination were > 0.97. The method was applied to river and seawater samples collected at 19 sites in and near Port Phillip Bay, Australia, and temporal variation in OUVF concentrations was studied at two sites. Concentrations of OUVF were detected at 10 sites; concentrations of individual OUVFs were 51–7968 ng/L, and the maximum total OUVF concentration detected at a site was 8431 ng/L. Recreational activity and water residence time at the site contributed to OUVF's environmental presence and persistence. The benefits of the SALLE-LC–MS/MS method include its simple operation, good selectivity, precision over a wide linear range, and that obtained extracts can be directly injected into the LC–MS/MS, overall making it an attractive method for the determination of these OUVFs in environmental water matrices. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of OUVFs in Port Phillip Bay, Australia.
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 23, Heft 9, S. 8421-8430
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 140, S. 191-197
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 19, Heft 8, S. 3525-3537
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 19, Heft 4, S. 1159-1170
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, Band 46, Heft 1, S. 117-123
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 1574-1585
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Ecotoxicology and environmental safety: EES ; official journal of the International Society of Ecotoxicology and Environmental safety, Band 172, S. 356-363
ISSN: 1090-2414
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 22, Heft 13, S. 10214-10226
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 18, Heft 7, S. 1090-1097
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 20, Heft 3, S. 1831-1841
ISSN: 1614-7499
In: Environmental science and pollution research: ESPR, Band 23, Heft 6, S. 5881-5891
ISSN: 1614-7499