Suchergebnisse

Aunque desde los años noventa las elecciones multipartidistas suelen ser parte integrante de las provisiones y la etapa final de la implementación de acuerdos de paz apoyados por la comunidad internacional para solucionar guerras civiles por medio de una transición doble hacia la paz y la democracia, hay casos en los que ocurre el resurgimiento del conflicto armado tras su celebración.Esta tesis se dedicó al fenómeno de la reactivación de la guerra civil tras elecciones multipartidistas en contextos de implementación de acuerdos de paz apoyados por misiones de paz de Naciones Unidas, y se planteó en qué medida la acción de los beligerantes lleva a la reactivación de la guerra civil en estos contextos.Así que se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo cualitativo comprensivo y comparado de la implementación de los Acuerdos de Bicesse de Angola y del Acuerdo General de Paz de Mozambique, la cual combinó teorías de peace building y de democratización y utilizó los métodos de estudio de caso y de la comparación estructurada y enfocada, con el fin de caracterizar la acción de sus respectivos beligerantes e identificar el mecanismo asociado a dicha acción que llevaría al retorno ala guerra.Esta tesis concluye fundamentalmente que la acción de los beligerantes lleva a la reactivación de la guerra civil en la medida en que el beligerante perdedor reacciona violentamente a los resultados electorales (no sabe perder) y el ganador contrarreacciona también violentamente (no sabe ganar), por lo que la interacción entre estos dos actores en la fase electoral más avanzada o poselectoral de la implementación de los acuerdos de paz es crítica e implica conocer de antemano qué va a orientar e influenciar su acción.

Though better known for his innovative Political Order in Changing Societies (1968) & the controversial The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of the World Order (1996), perhaps Samuel Huntington's most perfect book, from the viewpoint of analytical thought, particularly of the phenomenon of democratization, is The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century (1991). The concept of democratization presented in this work is the process that evolves from the end of an authoritarian regime to the installation & consolidation of a democratic regime. Adapted from the source document.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar como trabalhadores da saúde na atenção básica, a saber, técnicas de enfermagem e agentes comunitários, elaboram o tema das práticas alimentares infantis. Teve como foco alguns aspectos da alimentação complementar como as concepções do uso do açúcar e sal na comida de bebês, bem como as principais ideias sobre alimentos capazes de prevenir a anemia, como carnes e leguminosas. Foi realizada pesquisa social com abordagem qualitativa, de caráter descritivo e analítico. A identificação e sistematização das Representações Sociais (RS), enunciadas nas entrevistas obtidas, foram operacionalizadas por meio do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo (DSC). Observou-se que as práticas discursivas perpassam pelas normatizações técnico-científicas apropriando-se de alguns conceitos que se mesclam ao conhecimento leigo por meio da atividade representacional. Contendo ideias que concernem à construção de uma condição de saúde para a criança, as RS conciliam um conceito de saúde constituído pelo saber biomédico, mas igualmente conflui sentidos culturalizados de corpo e comida.

It is often argued that liquid biofuels are cleaner than fossil fuels, and therefore better for human health, however, the evidence on this issue is still unclear. Brazil's high uptake of ethanol and role as a major producer makes it the most appropriate case study to assess the merits of different biofuel policies. Accordingly, we modeled the impact on air quality and health of two future fuel scenarios in São Paulo State: a business-as-usual scenario where ethanol production and use proceeds according to government predictions and a counterfactual scenario where ethanol is frozen at 2010 levels and future transport fuel demand is met with gasoline. The population-weighted exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone was 3.0 μg/m3 and 0.3 ppb lower, respectively, in 2020 in the scenario emphasizing gasoline compared with the business-as-usual (ethanol) scenario. The lower exposure to both pollutants in the gasoline scenario would result in the population living 1100 additional life-years in the first year, and if sustained, would increase to 40,000 life-years in year 20 and continue to rise. Without additional measures to limit emissions, increasing the use of ethanol in Brazil could lead to higher air pollution-related population health burdens when compared to policy that prioritizes gasoline.

It is often argued that liquid biofuels are cleaner than fossil fuels, and therefore better for human health, however, the evidence on this issue is still unclear. Brazil's high uptake of ethanol and role as a major producer makes it the most appropriate case study to assess the merits of different biofuel policies. Accordingly, we modeled the impact on air quality and health of two future fuel scenarios in São Paulo State: a business-as-usual scenario where ethanol production and use proceeds according to government predictions and a counterfactual scenario where ethanol is frozen at 2010 levels and future transport fuel demand is met with gasoline. The population-weighted exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone was 3.0 μg/m³ and 0.3 ppb lower, respectively, in 2020 in the scenario emphasizing gasoline compared with the business-as-usual (ethanol) scenario. The lower exposure to both pollutants in the gasoline scenario would result in the population living 1100 additional life-years in the first year, and if sustained, would increase to 40,000 life-years in year 20 and continue to rise. Without additional measures to limit emissions, increasing the use of ethanol in Brazil could lead to higher air pollution-related population health burdens when compared to policy that prioritizes gasoline.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess dietician's numerical parameters for school feeding and discuss limitations and possibilities for professional practice in the municipalities of Vale do Ivaí, in Northern Paraná, Brazil. Methods: This is a multiple case study. A semi-structured interview was administered to dietitians working at the School Feeding Program in nine cities located in Vale do Ivaí, Paraná, Brazil. Resolution nº 465/2010, from the Brazilian Federal Board of Dietitians, was used to calculate the adequacy of working hours of dietitians. The legistation of the Brazilian School Feeding Program was applied to discuss professional practice. Results: All the cities had at least one dietitian responsible for the School Feeding Program. The percentage of adequate working hours was from 20 to 66%. Some dietitians were involved in management activities, administration, procurement, and accounting, in addition to dietitian assignments for the School Feeding Program. Most dietitians worked in other sectors of the municipalities such as the health system, social assistance, and at events. This practice could compromise compliance of technical activities that must be met by the dietitians of the School Feeding Program. Conclusion: The number of dietitians in most of cities working at School Feeding Program is not sufficient to meet the number of students. The insuficient workload and excessive activities could hinder the development of dietitian's private activities. The hiring of nutrition and dietitian technicians and administrative assistants for bureaucratic activies is recommended.