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El desarrollo local de la comunidad rural de Santa Rosa del cantón Manta depende mayoritariamente de la pesca, por ello el objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es determinar el nivel socioeconómico de esta comunidad. Para ello se realizó una encuesta tomando como muestra a 50 pescadores de esta localidad, el cuestionario aplicado se elaboró mediante preguntas segmentadas en dos dimensiones: la económica para determinar los ingresos y calidad de empleo; y la dimensión social para determinar el tipo de vivienda, educación, acceso a servicios básicos. En los resultados se pudo observar que los ingresos que perciben los pescadores no son suficientes, esto como consecuencia de una escolaridad incompleta y nulos estudios superiores; lo que se correlaciona con estándares de vida precarios. Siendo la pesca artesanal una de las actividades económicas más representativas del cantón, se debería impulsar esta actividad en los sectores rurales por medio de la gestión competente de las instituciones educativas superiores, con el objetivo de tecnificar esta actividad para mejorar el nivel de vida de los habitantes de la zona rural.

Palabras Clave: Socioeconómico, pesca artesanal, zona rural, comunidades rurales, Santa Rosa-Manta.

This article discusses the existing duality between the terms Earth and world under the of the 21st century ecological crisis. It proposes, from the deconstruction of anthropocentric and ecocentric values, an analysis of the philanthropic/sustainable paradigm, as a way of understanding the interdisciplinary nature of the possible coexistence between Man and Nature. For this, are demonstrated some hierarchical imbalances present in the concession of Western culture proposed by Samuel Huntington, in the ecological imaginary of indigenous communities defended by Zoe Todd, and in the environmental impact of consumer society from the perspective of Patrick Curry, Richard Sylvan, and David Bennett. As a result, the importance of understanding a balance between consumption and production is demonstrated, condemning the elitist anthropocentrism of western communities as the cause and solution of the ecological problem, transversally illustrated from the market and the art world under the conception of the practical uselessness of its existence and given its contribution to a problem of overproduction.

The morphological clues of scaffolds can determine cell behavior and, therefore, the patterning of electroactive polymers can be a suitable strategy for bone tissue engineering. In this way, this work reports on the influence of poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) electroactive micropatterned scaffolds on the proliferation and differentiation of bone cells. For that, micropatterned P(VDF-TrFE) scaffolds were produced by lithography in the form of arrays of lines and hexagons and then tested for cell proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblast cell line. Results show that more anisotropic surface microstructures promote bone differentiation without the need of further biochemical stimulation. Thus, the combination of specific patterns with the inherent electroactivity of materials provides a promising platform for bone regeneration. ; This work was supported by national funds through the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT) and by ERDF through COMPETE2020—Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) in the framework of the Strategic Programs UID/FIS/04650/2020 and UIDB/04436/2020 and projects PTDC/EMD-EMD/28159/2017 and PTDC/BTM-MAT/28237/2017. TA thank FCT for the grant SFRH/BD/141136/2018 and CR thanks the FCT for the contract under the Stimulus of Scientific Employment (DL57/2016 junior researcher contract). Finally, the authors acknowledge funding by Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERFD) through the project PID2019-106099RB-C43/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and from the Basque Government Industry and Education Departments under the ELKARTEK and PIBA (PIBA-2018-06) programs, ...

Polymer-based piezoelectric biomaterials have already proven their relevance for tissue engineering applications. Furthermore, the morphology of the scaffolds plays also an important role in cell proliferation and differentiation. The present work reports on poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), a biocompatible, biodegradable, and piezoelectric biopolymer that has been processed in different morphologies, including films, fibers, microspheres, and 3D scaffolds. The corresponding magnetically active PHBV-based composites were also produced. The effect of the morphology on physico-chemical, thermal, magnetic, and mechanical properties of pristine and composite samples was evaluated, as well as their cytotoxicity. It was observed that the morphology does not strongly affect the properties of the pristine samples but the introduction of cobalt ferrites induces changes in the degree of crystallinity that could affect the applicability of prepared biomaterials. Young's modulus is dependent of the morphology and also increases with the addition of cobalt ferrites. Both pristine and PHBV/cobalt ferrite composite samples are not cytotoxic, indicating their suitability for tissue engineering applications. ; The authors thank the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia) for financial support under the framework of strategic funding UID/FIS/04650/2013, UID/QUI/00686/2013, and UID/QUI/0686/2016; project PTDC/EEI-SII/5582/2014;andprojectPOCI-01-0145-FEDER-028237. FundsprovidedbyFCTintheframeworkof EuroNanoMed2016call,ProjectLungChekENMed/0049/2016arealsogratefullyacknowledged. D.M.C.andC.R. alsothanktheFCTforthegrantsSFRH/BPD/121526/2016andSFRH/BPD/90870/2012,respectively. Finally,the authors acknowledge funding by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through the project MAT2016-76039-C4-3-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and from the Basque Government Industry Department under the ELKARTEK and HAZITEK program. ...