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"Informed consent - the process of communication between a patient or research subject and a physician or researcher that results in the explicit agreement to undergo a specific medical intervention - is an ethical concept based on the principle that all patients and research subjects should understand and agree to the potential consequences of the clinical care they receive. Regulations that govern the attainment of informed consent for treatment and research are crucial to ensuring that medical care and research are conducted in an ethical manner and with the utmost respect for individual preferences and dignity. These regulations, however, often require - or are perceived to require - that informed consent documents and related materials contain language that is beyond the comprehension level of most patients and study participants. To explore what actions can be taken to help close the gap between what is required in the informed consent process and communicating it in a health-literate and meaningful manner to individuals, the Institute of Medicine's Roundtable on Health Literacy convened a one-day public workshop featuring presentations and discussions that examine the implications of health literacy for informed consent for both research involving human subjects and treatment of patients. Topics covered in this workshop included an overview of the ethical imperative to gain informed consent from patients and research participants, a review of the current state and best practices for informed consent in research and treatment, the connection between poor informed consent processes and minority underrepresentation in research, new approaches to informed consent that reflect principles of health literacy, and the future of informed consent in the treatment and research settings. Informed Consent and Health Literacy is the summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop."--Publisher's description

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Value & Science-Driven Health Care Charter and Vision Statement -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Vision -- 3 Current Measurement Capabilities -- 4 Core Metrics Sets in Use -- 5 Specifying the Shape of a Core Metrics Set -- 6 Implementation -- 7 Building the Infrastructure -- 8 Common Themes -- Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Speakers and Planning Committee -- Appendix B: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C: Workshop Participants.

"Despite spending far more on medical care than any other nation and despite having seen a century of unparalleled improvement in population health and longevity, the United States has fallen behind many of its global counterparts and competitors in such health outcomes as overall life expectancy and rates of preventable diseases and injuries. A fundamental but often overlooked driver of the imbalance between spending and outcomes is the nation's inadequate investment in non-clinical strategies that promote health and prevent disease and injury population-wide, strategies that fall under the rubric of "population health." Given that it is unlikely that government funding for governmental public health agencies, whether at the local, state, or federal levels, will see significant and sustained increases, there is interest in finding creative sources of funding for initiatives to improve population health, both through the work of public health agencies and through the contributions of other sectors, including nonhealth entities. Financing Population Health Improvement is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine Roundtable on Population Health Improvement in February 2014 to explore the range of resources that might be available to provide a secure funding stream for non-clinical actions to enhance health. Presenters and participants discussed the range of potential resources (e.g., financial, human, and community) explored topics related to financial resources. This report discusses return on investment, the value of investing in population-based interventions, and possible sources of funding to improve population health"--Publisher's description.

Intro -- Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Assessment of Current Performance -- 3 Developing Effective Biological Detection Systems -- 4 Compatibility of BioWatch Improvements Within the Existing Biological Detection Architecture -- 5 Overview of the Workshop -- References -- Appendix A Statement of Task -- Appendix B Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C Biographical Sketches of Planning Committee -- Appendix D Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers -- Appendix E Invited Paper: BioWatch Program Overview: A Local Public Health Perspective for Enhancing Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response -- Appendix F Invited Paper: Current Quality Assurance (QA) Approach: DHS BioWatch Program -- Appendix G Invited Paper: Use of Dispersion Modeling Tools in Optimizing Biological Detection Architectures -- Appendix H Invited Paper: Technology-Focused Outlook for Future Biological Detection Systems -- Appendix I Invited Paper: BioWatch Improvements Within Existing Biological Detection Architecture.

"Building on previous National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine workshops that explored how safe and healthy communities are a necessary component of health equity and efforts to improve population health, the Roundtable on Population Health Improvement wanted to explore how a variety of community-based organizations came together to achieve population health. To do so, the Roundtable hosted a workshop in Oakland, California, on December 8, 2016, to explore multisector health partnerships that engage residents, reduce health disparities, and improve health and well-being. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop"--Publisher's description.

Introduction -- Presentation and discussion on the commissioned paper -- Examples of community-based health literacy programs -- Evaluating community-based health literacy interventions -- Where do we go from here? -- Reflections on the day -- A review and report of community-based health literacy interventions / by Cynthia Baur, Lourdes M. Martinez, Nedelina Tchangalova, and Don Rubin.

The Roundtable on Health Literacy brings together leaders from academia, industry, government, foundations, and associations and representatives of patient and consumer interests who work to improve health literacy. To achieve its mission, the roundtable discusses challenges facing health literacy practice and research and identifies approaches to promote health literacy through mechanisms and partnerships in both the public and private sectors. To explore the aspects of health literacy that impact the ability of patients to understand and follow discharge instructions and to learn from examples of how discharge instructions can be written to improve patient understanding of--and hence compliance with--discharge instructions, the Roundtable on Health Literacy held a public workshop. The workshop featured presentations and discussions that examined the implications of health literacy for discharge instructions for both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Facilitating Patient Understanding of Discharge Instructions summarizes the presentations and discussions of the workshop. This report gives an overview of the impact of discharge instructions on outcomes, and discusses the specifics of inpatient discharge summaries and outpatient after-visit summaries. The report also contains case studies illustrating different approaches to improving discharge instructions

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Box, Figures, and Tables -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Setting the Stage -- 3 Housing Interventions -- 4 Interventions Addressing Food Insecurity -- 5 Interventions Addressing Multiple Social Needs -- 6 Return on Investment -- 7 Research Gaps -- 8 Reflections on the Day -- References -- Appendix A: Statement of Task -- Appendix B: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C: Speaker Biographical Sketches.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Box, Figures, and Tables -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Why Do Health Systems Have a Role? -- 3 The Toll on Individuals and Communities -- 4 Identifying Individuals at Higher Risk for Firearm Violence -- 5 Developing Health System Interventions -- 6 Key Issues from the Workshop's First Day -- 7 Programs and Research -- 8 Developing Networks and Sharing Information -- 9 Developing a Culture of Health Care Providers as Interveners -- 10 Closing Remarks -- References -- Appendix A: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B: Speaker Biographical Sketches.

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Boxes, Figures, and Tables -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Presentation and Discussion on the Commissioned Paper -- 3 Examples of Community-Based Health Literacy Programs -- 4 Evaluating Community-Based Health Literacy Interventions -- 5 Where Do We Go from Here? -- 6 Reflections on the Day -- References -- Appendix A: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Moderators, Speakers, and Panelists -- Appendix C: A Review and Report of Community-Based Health Literacy Interventions-by Cynthia Baur, Lourdes M. Martinez, Nedelina Tchangalova, and Don Rubin

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Box, Figures, and Tables -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Patient Perspective on the Need for Health Literacy -- 3 Improving Health and the Bottom Line: The Case for Health Literacy -- 4 Why Health Literacy? -- 5 Adopting Health Literacy in an Organization -- 6 Where Do We Go from Here? -- 7 Reflections on the Day -- References -- Appendix A: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Moderators, Speakers, and Panelists -- Appendix C: Improving Health and the Bottom Line: The Case for Health Literacy

Intro -- FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Boxes and Figures -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Personal Experience -- 3 Setting the Stage -- 4 Exploring Innovative Approaches -- 5 Where Do We Go from Here? -- 6 Reflections of the Day -- Appendix A: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Moderators, Speakers, and Panelists.

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Acronyms and Abbreviations -- 1 Introduction and Overview -- 2 Why Educational Attainment Is Crucial to Improving Population Health -- 3 How Can the Health Sector Support Education Sector Efforts at the Level of Students, Families, and Schools? -- 4 How the Nation's Health Care Expenditures Reduce Education Funding -- 5 The Potential of Health Sector Partners to Contribute to the Implementation of the Best Evidence About What Supports Educational Attainment -- 6 State and Local Collaboration Between the Health and Education Sectors