Suchergebnisse

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Preface -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Background -- 2 Systems of Care for MNS in Sub-Saharan Africa -- 3 MNS Healthcare Policy -- 4 Needs, Opportunities, and Next Steps -- Appendix A: Putting into Context MNS Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa -- Appendix B: References -- Appendix C: Agenda -- Appendix D: Registered Attendees -- Appendix E: Speaker Biographies.

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- Workshop Summary -- Appendix A: References -- Appendix B: Agenda -- Appendix C: Registered Attendees -- Appendix D: Surge Medical Response Capability: What Is It? How Do We Get It? How Do We Know When We Have It? -- Appendix E: Alternate Care Systems: Stratification of Care -- Appendix F: Creating Situational Awareness: A Systems Approach -- Appendix G: Vulnerable Populations in Disasters: Health Effects and Needs -- Appendix H: Fatalities Management Strategies -- Appendix I: Financing Surge Capacity and Preparedness.

Intro -- Independent Report Reviewers -- Contents -- Workshop Summary -- A References -- B Workshop Agenda -- C Registered Workshop Attendees -- D Organizations Represented -- E Biographical Sketches of Invited Speakers, Panelists, Workshop Planning Committee, Forum Members, and Staff.

FrontMatter -- Independent Report Reviewers -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Summary -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Sleep Physiology -- 3 Extent and Health Consequences of Chronic Sleep Loss and Sleep Disorders -- 4 Functional and Economic Impact of Sleep Loss and Sleep-Related Disorders -- 5 Improving Awareness, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Sleep Disorders -- 6 Ensuring Adequate Diagnosis and Treatment: Access, Capacity, and Technology Development -- 7 Opportunities to Improve Career Development in Somnology -- 8 Bolstering Somnology and Sleep Disorders Research Programs -- 9 Building Sleep Programs in Academic Health Centers -- Appendixes -- A Study Process -- B Acronyms -- C Glossary of Major Terms -- D Congressional Language Establishing the National Center on Sleep Disorders Research, 285b-7 -- E Sleep Disorders Research Advisory Board Membership -- F National Institutes of Health Sleep-Related Initiatives: 1994-2004 -- G National Institutes of Health Support of Sleep-Related R01 Grants -- H Summary of NIH Support of Sleep-Related Career Development Awards -- I Summary of NIH Support of Sleep-Related R13, R25, P, F, T, and U Grants -- J Summary of Investment in Sleep-Related Projects at the Top 30 NIH-Funded Institutions -- K Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff -- Index.

"Mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders have a substantial impact on global health and well-being. Disorders such as depression, alcohol abuse, and schizophrenia constitute about 13 percent of the total burden of disease. Worldwide, MNS disorders are the leading cause of disability, and the 10th leading cause of death. Despite this high burden, there is a significant shortage of resources available to prevent, diagnose, and treat MNS disorders. Approximately four out of five people with serious MNS disorders living in low- and middle-income countries do not receive needed health services. This treatment gap is particularly high in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Challenges to MNS care in SSA countries include a lack of trained mental health professionals, few mental health facilities, and low prioritization for MNS disorders in budget allocations. African countries, on average, have one psychiatrist for every 2 million people, whereas European countries have one psychiatrist per 12,000 people. Expanding on previous efforts to address the development and improvement of sustainable mental health systems in SSA, the Institute of Medicine convened this 2015 workshop series, bringing together key stakeholders to examine country-specific opportunities to improve the health care infrastructure in order to better prevent, diagnose, and treat MNS disorders. Providing Sustainable Mental and Neurological Health Care in Ghana and Kenya summarizes the presentations and discussions from these workshops"--Publisher's description.

Over the past decade, preparedness and response capacities of government agencies, hospitals and clinics, public health agencies, and academic researchers in the United States and abroad have been challenged by a succession of public health emergencies, ranging from radiological threats to pandemics to earthquakes. Through After Action Reports, each of these emergencies has yielded important information and lessons learned that can inform future disaster response and recovery efforts. However, important information that needs to be collected during and immediately following these emergencies is often missed because of barriers and obstacles to gathering such data, such as varying institutional review board restrictions in different states, no sustainable funding network for this type of work, uncertainty on who should be involved in research response, and a lack of knowledge around how best to integrate research into response and recovery frameworks. Taking action to enable medical and public health research during disasters was the focus of a workshop held on June 12 and 13, 2014, coordinated and supported jointly by the Institute of Medicine Forum on Medical and Public Health Preparedness for Catastrophic Events, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Library of Medicine, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Invited speakers and participants from federal, state, and local government, academia, and community and worker organizations came together to discuss how to integrate research into existing response structures; identify critical research needs and priorities; identify obstacles and barriers to research; discuss structures and strategies needed for deployment of a research study; share ideas, innovations, and technologies to support research; and explore data collection tools and data-sharing mechanisms for both rapid and longitudinal research. Enabling Rapid and Sustainable Public Health Research During Disasters summarizes the presentations and discussion of the workshop

FrontMatter -- Reviewers -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Case Examples: 2008 Mexican Hat, Utah, Incident and 2010 Albert Pike, Arkansas, Flood -- 3 9-1-1 Access and Communications -- 4 Challenges Facing the Prehospital System -- 5 Coordination and Integration Across Response Platforms -- 6 Establishing Metrics to Assess Risk and Capabilities -- 7 Improving Rural Mass Casualty Response in the United States -- 8 Needs and Opportunities -- Appendix A: References -- Appendix B: Workshop Agenda -- Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Invited Speakers and Panelists.

"From its very beginning, neuroscience has been fundamentally interdisciplinary. As a result of rapid technological advances and the advent of large collaborative projects, however, neuroscience is expanding well beyond traditional subdisciplines and intellectual boundaries to rely on expertise from many other fields, such as engineering, computer science, and applied mathematics. This raises important questions about to how to develop and train the next generation of neuroscientists to ensure innovation in research and technology in the neurosciences. In addition, the advent of new types of data and the growing importance of large datasets raise additional questions about how to train students in approaches to data analysis and sharing. These concerns dovetail with the need to teach improved scientific practices ranging from experimental design (e.g., powering of studies and appropriate blinding) to improved sophistication in statistics. Of equal importance is the increasing need not only for basic researchers and teams that will develop the next generation of tools, but also for investigators who are able to bridge the translational gap between basic and clinical neuroscience. Developing a 21st Century Neuroscience Workforce is the summary of a workshop convened by the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Neuroscience and Nervous System Disorders on October 28 and 29, 2014, in Washington, DC, to explore future workforce needs and how these needs should inform training programs. Workshop participants considered what new subdisciplines and collaborations might be needed, including an examination of opportunities for cross-training of neuroscience research programs with other areas. In addition, current and new components of training programs were discussed to identify methods for enhancing data handling and analysis capabilities, increasing scientific accuracy, and improving research practices. This report highlights the presentation and discussion of the workshop"--Publisher's description

"In 2010, more than 105,000 people were injured or killed in the United States as the result of a firearm-related incident. Recent, highly publicized, tragic mass shootings in Newtown, CT; Aurora, CO; Oak Creek, WI; and Tucson, AZ, have sharpened the American public's interest in protecting our children and communities from the harmful effects of firearm violence. While many Americans legally use firearms for a variety of activities, fatal and nonfatal firearm violence poses a serious threat to public safety and welfare. In January 2013, President Barack Obama issued 23 executive orders directing federal agencies to improve knowledge of the causes of firearm violence, what might help prevent it, and how to minimize its burden on public health. One of these orders directed the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to, along with other federal agencies, immediately begin identifying the most pressing problems in firearm violence research. The CDC and the CDC Foundation asked the IOM, in collaboration with the National Research Council, to convene a committee tasked with developing a potential research agenda that focuses on the causes of, possible interventions to, and strategies to minimize the burden of firearm-related violence. Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence focuses on the characteristics of firearm violence, risk and protective factors, interventions and strategies, the impact of gun safety technology, and the influence of video games and other media"--Publisher's description

While high risk of failure is an inherent part of developing innovative therapies, it can be reduced by adherence to evidence-based rigorous research practices. Numerous analyses conducted to date have clearly identified measures that need to be taken to improve research rigor. Supported through the European Union's Innovative Medicines Initiative, the EQIPD consortium has developed a novel preclinical research quality system that can be applied in both public and private sectors and is free for anyone to use. The EQIPD Quality System was designed to be suited to boost innovation by ensuring the generation of robust and reliable preclinical data while being lean, effective and not becoming a burden that could negatively impact the freedom to explore scientific questions. EQIPD defines research quality as the extent to which research data are fit for their intended use. Fitness, in this context, is defined by the stakeholders, who are the scientists directly involved in the research, but also their funders, sponsors, publishers, research tool manufacturers and collaboration partners such as peers in a multi-site research project. The essence of the EQIPD Quality System is the set of 18 core requirements that can be addressed flexibly, according to user-specific needs and following a user-defined trajectory. The EQIPD Quality System proposes guidance on expectations for quality-related measures, defines criteria for adequate processes (i.e., performance standards) and provides examples of how such measures can be developed and implemented. However, it does not prescribe any pre-determined solutions. EQIPD has also developed tools (for optional use) to support users in implementing the system and assessment services for those research units that successfully implement the quality system and seek formal accreditation. Building upon the feedback from users and continuous improvement, a sustainable EQIPD Quality System will ultimately serve the entire community of scientists conducting non-regulated preclinical research, by helping them generate reliable data that are fit for their intended use.