Suchergebnisse

La cultura es una cosmovisión de cognoscitividades, hermenéuticas y sistemas de creencias entrópicamente articulados en el caldo social desde la heterofluctuación de corrientes regentables de pensamientos interarticuladas en reproducción permanente. En ese sentido, el propósito del artículo se materializó en reflexionar acerca de la presignificación de la cultura en la neoconcreción ergonómica instrospectiva vigente. Se asumió desde la sustentabilidad epistemológica el paradigma interpretativo, el enfoque cualitativo y el método hermenéutico. Como escenario se seleccionó la U.E.N José Martí y como informantes clave: tres docentes y tres estudiantes de educación media general. Como técnica de recolección de información se emplearon la entrevista no estructurada junto al focus group y como instrumento el guion de entrevista. El procedimiento se realizó mediante el desarrollo de cuatro fases. Se interrelacionaron los factores ontológicos, epistemológicos y axiológicos. Los hallazgos evidencian que la presignificación de la cultura es retrascendente para la conservación de las memorias colectivas, la identidad cultural, el sentido de pertenencia, la solidificación del pasado en un marco reingeniador preservando los valores y costumbres de la sociedad actual.

The article aims to make a critical reading of the proposal for a perpetual peace of the German philosopher Immanuel Kant. In this regard, is presented a detailed analysis of articles preliminary in this book Toward Perpetual Peace, which aims to address the phenomenon of war, typical of the human condition and also raises the undeniable need to compare the political ideas in Kant's thought with contemporary politics in order to build appropriate criteria for coexistence with humanity continually for the better. The hermeneutic-documentary method was used. Conclusions are that the concepts developed in the work towards perpetual peace are vital to the current political environment and bringing peace to humanity. ; El artículo tiene como objetivo hacer una lectura crítica de la propuesta para una paz perpetua del filósofo alemán Immanuel Kant. En este sentido, se presenta un análisis minucioso de los artículos preliminares y definitivos contenidos en su obra Hacia la paz Perpetua, cuya finalidad es encarar el fenómeno de la guerra, propio de la condición humana y, asimismo, se plantea la innegable necesidad de contrastar las ideas políticas contenidas en el pensamiento de Kant con la política contemporánea para lograr construir criterios adecuados de convivencia que lleven a la humanidad continuamente hacia lo mejor. El método utilizado es el hermenéutico-documental. Se concluye que los conceptos desarrollados en la obra Hacia la Paz Perpetua son de vital importancia para el ámbito político actual y para el acercamiento de la humanidad a la paz.

This article reviews references of ethnography as a method in the social sciences gathered by using Google™, EBSCO, ProQuest, REDALYC, PSICODOC, Dialnet and LATINDEX. Anthropologists' postmodern self-critique has influenced social scientists and ethnography has increasingly become a way to explore our forms of life. This translates into a perspective that responds to ethical, political, cultural, and social concerns about the production of knowledge. It seeks to excise the distance between researchers, often by collaborating with consultants in research projects. The ensuing reflections evoke possibilities generated from interactions in the field and an appreciation of a complexity that poses methodological challenges for researchers who see the field as a space from which they cannot be extricated. ; Este artigo revisa as referências que falam sobre etnografia como metodologia e que foram recopilados através de Google™, EBSCO, ProQuest, REDALYC, PSICODOC, Dialnet e LATINDEX. A autocrítica dos antropólogos chegou a influenciar os cientistas sociais e a etnografia cresceu como uma maneira de explorar nossas formas de vida. Isso se traduz em uma perspectiva que responde às preocupações éticas, políticas, culturais e sociais acerca da produção de conhecimento. É uma perspectiva que trata de evitar a distância entre os investigadores e que costuma constituir-se em projetos de investigação colaborativa com consultores. As reflexões resultantes desta perspectiva evocam possibilidades geradas nas interações no campo e de uma apreciação de uma complexidade que suscita desafios metodológicos para os investigadores que vem o campo como um espaço a partir do qual não podem ser arrancados. ; Este artículo pasa revista las referencias que versan sobre etnografia como una metodología y que fueron recopilados a través de Google™, EBSCO, ProQuest, REDALYC, PSICODOC, Dialnet y LATINDEX. La auto-crítica de los antropólogos ha llegado a influir a los científicos sociales y la etnografia ha crecido como una manera de explorar ...

El presente estudio describe la determinación de arsénico en sedimento marino de la Comuna de Bajo Alto, Provincia de El Oro, Ecuador. La generación electroquímica de este hidruro metálico volátil (arsina) utilizó como cátodo una amalgama Au/Hg (oro/mercurio), en una solución 0,5 M de H2SO4. Los resultados se compararon con los obtenidos con otros cátodos utilizados comúnmente para la generación de este hidruro metálico. Se muestra que los sedimentos marinos de la comuna de Bajo Alto no están contaminados por arsénico (As) ya que la concentración de este metal fue de 0.05mg/Kg, mientras que los límites permitidos de acuerdo a la Organización Mundial de la Salud son de 5mg/Kg. Adicionalmente, el cátodo de Au/Hg tiene mejor tolerancia a la interferencia y mejor repetitividad que los cátodos de Au, Pt, Pb o carbono vítreo reticulado (RGC). La exactitud del método fue verificada determinando As en un material de referencia certificado.

The municipalities constitute the geographical basic environment of politics in our current administrative organisation of management and territorial organisation. For this reason, we considered of interest to know the processes and the dynamics of these changes, as far as they are related with the evolution of the territorial model of the Community of Madrid, a community governed by a great city region and a rural space in mutation. The relationship existing between this evolution —the ideological and cultural bases that sustained the plans of urban planning and their implementation—, and the changes are those analysed in this paper. Tres Cantos, as a new city, segregated of a rural municipality, and the municipal annexations of Madrid after the Spanish civil war, are the most significant events of the alterations to the municipal map during the XXth century ; Los municipios constituyen en nuestro actual ordenamiento administrativo el ámbito geográfico básicode política, de gestión y de ordenación territorial. Por ello, consideramos de interés conocer los procesos y la dinámica de estos cambios, en tanto se relacionan con la evolución del modelo territorial de la Comunidad de Madrid, una comunidad regida por una gran ciudad región y un espacio rural en transformación. La relación que existe entre esta evolución —las bases ideológicas y culturales que sustentaron los planes de ordenación urbana y sus propias praxis—, y los cambios es lo que se analiza en el presente trabajo. Tres Cantos, como nueva ciudad, segregada de un municipio rural, y las anexiones municipales de Madrid en la posguerra, son los sucesos más significativos de las alteraciones del mapa municipal a lo largo del todo el siglo XX.

AbstractHere, we report on new data (75 analyses) of plutonium (Pu) isotopes to elucidate activity concentrations, inventories, sources, and their transport from the ocean surface to the seafloor from a collection of six deep-sea sediment cores (depths ranging from 257 to 3739 m) in the southern Gulf of Mexico. Sediment cores collected from the continental shelf and upper slope region of the Gulf of Mexico showed 240Pu/239Pu ratios of 0.15 to 0.26, and 239+240Pu-inventories ranging from 14.7 to 33.0 Bq m−2. Inventories and ratios are consistent with global fallout Pu for this tropical region. In contrast, sediment cores collected from the lower slope region and abyssal plain showed low 240Pu/239Pu ratios of 0.07 to 0.13 and much lower 239+240Pu inventories below 6.8 Bq m−2. This implies that only a small fraction of the expected global fallout Pu has reached the deep-sea sediments. The low 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratios indicate that fallout from the Nevada testing site was an important source of Pu in deep-sea sediments, and that this Pu was likely more efficiently scavenged from the water column than Pu from global fallout. We estimated that up to 44% of the total inventory of 239+240Pu in deep-sea sediments is due to the Nevada source. Low values and a progressive decrease of 240Pu/239Pu ratios and 239+240Pu inventories with increasing water depth have been previously reported for the Gulf of Mexico. Analysis of Pu isotopes in two sediment traps from the upper slope regions shows 240Pu/239Pu ratios comparable to those observed in global fallout. These results indicate that global fallout Pu is currently the main source of Pu in sinking particles in the water column. Therefore, a significant fraction of global fallout Pu must still be present, either in a dissolved phase, or as biologically recycled material in the water column, or scavenged on the shelf and shelf break. Our results bring to light important questions on the application of Pu isotopes to establish sediment chronologies in deep-sea sediments, since global fallout features such as the 1963 maximum are not available.

Abstract
The Aare river system in Switzerland, with two nuclear power plants on the banks of the river, and its intermediate lakes and reservoirs, provides a unique opportunity to analyze the contribution of different sources to the radioactive contamination. Sediment cores were collected from two lakes and a reservoir, all connected by the river Aare. In order to study the influence of the Chernobyl accident, one sediment core was collected from a lake in the southern part of Switzerland. The sediment cores were sliced and analyzed with gamma ray spectrometry. Plutonium, americium, and uranium were extracted radiochemically, and their concentrations were measured with a sector field ICP-MS. The uranium isotope ratios were further measured with a multi collector ICP-MS. The maximum 137Cs activity from the Chernobyl accident and the Pu and 137Cs activities associated to the 1963 global fallout maximum were well identified in sediments from all three lakes. High-resolution records of plutonium isotopes in the zone of the sediments corresponding to the period of maximum fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapon testing showed distinct fingerprints, depending on the different test activities. Pu isotope ratios could be used to detect non-global fallout plutonium. The ratio 241Am/241Pu was used to determine the age of the plutonium. Despite of very low 241Pu and 241Am concentrations, the calculated plutonium production dates seemed to be reasonable for the sediment layers corresponding to the NWT tests. The calculated production date of the plutonium in the upper most 15 cm of the sediment core seemed to be younger. The reason for this could be additional non-global fallout plutonium. For the lake sediments, natural ratios for 235U/238U and enriched or depleted ratios for 234U/238U were measured, depending on the lake. A small increase of the 236U/238U ratio could be recognized for the NWT zone in all three lakes and, for Lake Lugano, a further distinct increase in the Chernobyl layer.