Suchergebnisse

This thesis asks why was only a maritime warning mission added to the binational North American Aerospace Defense Command's (NORAD) existing aerospace warning and control mandate and not other missions? There were other viable options that could have come from the fallout of 9/11 to improve security and defence of North America such as maritime surveillance, maritime control, not to mention land and the cyberspace domains. In the end, NORAD was assigned only maritime warning in 2006. Using the international relation theory of functionalism as a framework to understand Canada-US defence policy decisions and joint defence initiatives, the maritime warning mission addition can be partially explained but it is not sufficient. By investigating from the Cold War era when NORAD was established until the post 9/11 era when the command was eventually signed in perpetuity, this thesis argues that functionalism alone is insufficient. It is not just a functional logic and the need for specific functional-technical solutions that underscores the origins and continued existence of NORAD as a binational organization but also the unique nature of the Canadian brand of functionalism where the Canadian military, in reality, takes the lead in shaping security decisions that favour and prioritize US decisions. This investigation concludes maritime warning was adopted by NORAD because it was the least controversial and was acceptable to Canadian and US military "professionals" in NORAD. ; February 2022

PurposeSex work migration involves a huge number of females from Nigeria, and has attracted concerns within and across the country. To add to ongoing conversations about responsible migration, our review underscores the prevalence of sex work migration in Edo State, Nigeria, the drivers and interventions.Design/methodology/approachThe review adopted exhaustive search terms coined with the aid of "Boolean Operators". Search terms were entered into several search engines and databases to elicit peer-reviewed and grey literature within sex work migration and human trafficking for commercial sex. An output of 578 studies was recorded with 76 (43 academic papers and 33 grey literature) meeting the inclusion criteria.FindingsThe study acknowledged wide-spread prevalence of sex work migration involving Nigerian females who are largely from Edo State. It achieved a prioritization of the factors that drive sex work migration based on how frequent they were mentioned in reviewed literature: economic (64.4%), cultural (46%), educational (20%), globalization (14.5%) and political factors (13.2%). Several interventions were highlighted together with their several limitations which include funding, absence of grass-roots engagement, dearth of appropriate professionals, corruption, weak political will, among others. A combination of domestic and international interventions was encouraged, and social workers were found to be needful.Originality/valueOur systematic review is the first on this subject, as none was found throughout our search. It seeks to inform policy measures and programmes, as well as horizontal efforts poised to tackle the rising figures of sex work migrants and attendant consequences in Nigeria.