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AbstractThis article explores how family structure and domicility influences offspring sex ratio bias, specifically living arrangements of husband in polygynous unions. Data from three Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys were used to examine the relationship between family structure and offspring sex ratio at birth, something that previous studies have not been able to do. This study estimate models of sex ratio offspring if the wives live together with husband present and wives live in separate dwellings and are visited by husband in turn. The results suggest that within polygynous marriages there are more male births, especially when husbands reside in the same dwelling as wives, than when husbands reside in separate dwellings from their wives. The analyses show that offspring sex ratio is related to the structure of living arrangement of husbands in polygynous unions. Indeed, the findings suggest that living arrangements and family structure among humans are important factors in predicting offspring sex ratio bias.

SummaryThis study examines the role of marriage form in infant mortality and tests the relative effects and mechanisms through which polygyny affects infant survival. A sample of infants born in the 5 years preceding the 1988 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey was used. A causal model was constructed and polygyny was found to be an important mediating factor in understanding infant survival. The findings highlight the relevance of family structure (polygyny) as an intervening factor, but also reveal the complex role of ethnicity, dietary supplement and birth interval in accounting for infant survival.

In 1991, Florida implemented the Motor Vehicle Inspection Program (MVIP) mandated by the Florida Clean Outdoor Air Law, which was passed in response to federal requirements for meeting ambient air quality standards. Has the implementation of this law resulted in decreased pollution levels as predicted by proponents of this program? The authors present a quasi-experimental evaluation of this question. Using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) intervention model, they show that the implementation of the MVIP has led to a significant decline in ozone (03) levels in some counties but no significant reductions in carbon monoxide (CO) levels in the counties where the program was implemented.