Suchergebnisse

The aim of this article is to present the permanent teacher training program called Border Pedagogy developed between 2016 and 2019, offered for teachers of the municipal education schools in the city of Foz de Iguazú, Paraná, Brazil. The methodology adopted is based on a participatory action research perspective based of the Colombian sociologist Fals Borda. The data obtained throughout the investigation showed, that the monocultural logic is present in school spaces and that it is possible to plan permanent teacher training programs, considering the trinational context. They also show that articulated actions between the school community and public universities, as well as local politics, allow the joint planning of permanent teacher education public policies, considering the context. The training activities of the program allowed us to reflect on the feeling of the border, being on the border and thinking about a border education. This study is based on theoretical concepts by authors such as Diniz Pereira, hooks, Freire, Fals Borda, Walsh, among others. ; O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o programa permanente de formação denominado Pedagogia de Fronteiras, desenvolvido entre os anos 2016 e 2019, para os professores da rede municipal de ensino da cidade de Foz de Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil. A metodologia adotada baseia-se em uma perspectiva de pesquisa-ação participativa, a partir do conceito do sociólogo colombiano Fals Borda. Os dados obtidos ao longo da pesquisa mostraram, por um lado que a lógica monocultural está presente nos espaços escolares e, por outro, a possibilidade em planejar programas permanentes de formação, considerando o contexto trinacional. Mostram ainda que ações articuladas entre a comunidade escolar e as universidades públicas, bem como as políticas locais, permitem o planejamento conjunto de políticas públicas de formação permanente de professores que considerem o contexto. As ações de formação do programa nos permitiram refletir sobre o que é estar na fronteira e pensar em uma educação na e para a fronteira. Este estudo é baseado em conceitos teóricos de autores como Diniz Pereira, hooks, Freire, Fals Borda, Walsh, entre outros. ; El objetivo de esta artículo es presentar el programa de formación permanente denominado Pedagogía de Frontera desarrollado entre los años 2016 y 2019, ofertado para las docentes de la red municipal de enseñanza en la ciudad de Foz de Iguazú, Paraná, Brasil. La metodología adoptada se basa en una perspectiva de investigación acción participativa desde el concepto del sociólogo colombiano Fals Borda. Los datos obtenidos a lo largo de la investigación demostraron, por un lado, que la lógica monocultural está presente en los espacios escolares y, por otro lado, que es posible planificar programas de formación docente permanente considerando el contexto trinacional. También ponen en evidencia que acciones articuladas entre la comunidad escolar y las universidades públicas, como también la política local, permiten la planificación conjunta de políticas públicas de formación docente permanente considerando el contexto. Las acciones formativas del programa permitieron reflexionar sobre el sentir de la frontera, estar en la frontera y pensar una educación de frontera. Este estudio se apoya en conceptos teóricos de autores como Diniz Pereira, hooks, Freire, Fals Borda, Walsh, entre otros.

<i>Background:</i> Methadone at appropriate doses has been demonstrated to be the most effective means for retaining patients in treatment and suppressing heroin use. <i>Aim:</i> To describe the modalities of day-to-day provision of methadone maintenance treatments (MMT) in Italian public health centres and to analyze the duration of MMTs by dose and by association with psychosocial treatments. <i>Patients and Methods:</i> We analyzed 8,378 subjects, 18 years of age or over, enrolled between September 1998 and March 2001 in one of 115 public treatment centres for heroin dependence in Italy. Treatment data were collected for each subject from enrolment to the end of the study period (maximum of 18 months). <i>Results:</i> Of the total of 29,495 treatments delivered, 21.0% were methadone maintenance, and 34.4% were methadone detoxification. Fifty percent of MMTs offered had a mean dose less than or equal to 40 mg/day, and only 19% had doses higher than or equal to 60 mg/day; treatments with doses higher than 60 mg/day lasted longer than treatments with lower doses. Differences in treatment length were observed between MMTs associated with a psychosocial treatment and those offered alone, only for doses <60 mg/day. <i>Conclusions:</i> In Italy, MMTs are delivered at inappropriate doses in more than 80% of the cases. The increase of methadone doses to adequate levels as indicated by the literature is necessary to ensure proper and effective use of MMTs in public treatment centres for heroin users.

This update on the African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in the EU demonstrated that out of all tested wild boar found dead, the proportion of positive samples peaked in winter and summer. For domestic pigs only, a summer peak was evident. Despite the existence of several plausible factors that could result in the observed seasonality, there is no evidence to prove causality. Wild boar density was the most influential risk factor for the occurrence of ASF in wild boar. In the vast majority of introductions in domestic pig holdings, direct contact with infected domestic pigs or wild boar was excluded as the route of introduction. The implementation of emergency measures in the wild boar management zones following a focal ASF introduction was evaluated. As a sole control strategy, intensive hunting around the buffer area might not always be sufficient to eradicate ASF. However, the probability of eradication success is increased after adding quick and safe carcass removal. A wider buffer area leads to a higher success probability; however it implies a larger intensive hunting area and the need for more animals to be hunted. If carcass removal and intensive hunting are effectively implemented, fencing is more useful for delineating zones, rather than adding substantially to control efficacy. However, segments of fencing will be particularly useful in those areas where carcass removal or intensive hunting is difficult to implement. It was not possible to demonstrate an effect of natural barriers on ASF spread. Human‐mediated translocation may override any effect of natural barriers. Recommendations for ASF control in four different epidemiological scenarios are presented.

This update on the African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks in the EU demonstrated that out of all tested wild boar found dead, the proportion of positive samples peaked in winter and summer. For domestic pigs only, a summer peak was evident. Despite the existence of several plausible factors that could result in the observed seasonality, there is no evidence to prove causality. Wild boar density was the most influential risk factor for the occurrence of ASF in wild boar. In the vast majority of introductions in domestic pig holdings, direct contact with infected domestic pigs or wild boar was excluded as the route of introduction. The implementation of emergency measures in the wild boar management zones following a focal ASF introduction was evaluated. As a sole control strategy, intensive hunting around the buffer area might not always be sufficient to eradicate ASF. However, the probability of eradication success is increased after adding quick and safe carcass removal. A wider buffer area leads to a higher success probability; however it implies a larger intensive hunting area and the need for more animals to be hunted. If carcass removal and intensive hunting are effectively implemented, fencing is more useful for delineating zones, rather than adding substantially to control efficacy. However, segments of fencing will be particularly useful in those areas where carcass removal or intensive hunting is difficult to implement. It was not possible to demonstrate an effect of natural barriers on ASF spread. Human‐mediated translocation may override any effect of natural barriers. Recommendations for ASF control in four different epidemiological scenarios are presented.