Suchergebnisse

Dealing with resource problems, energy balance and sustainable climate protection have emerged as subjects of public interest. Indigenous knowledge and concepts, however, are seldom dealt with by western scientists. On the basis of exemplary cases from south-western Ethiopia the interdependence of technical, social and symbolic knowledge and experiences is demonstrated, from which a model can be derived. With the help of the model it can be shown, how, under certain cultural conditions, through controlled mastery of vital resources, a symbiotic relationship between humans and their environment can be developed which does not endanger the particular habitat. The decisive factor in this case is an ethos that places man in a context of space and time which goes beyond his own lifetime and provides a link to past and future generations. Counterexamples show the fragile character of the presented system of relationships.

Review

Review

Der Band befasst sich mit den ethischen Aspekten interkultureller Praxis und ethnologischen Verstehens. Sein Ziel besteht nicht in der abstrakten Definition ethischer Universalien, sondern in der Beschreibung jener Unvereinbarkeiten, aber auch Ergänzungsmöglichkeiten, die sich aus dem Zusammentreffen unterschiedlicher ethischer Traditionen in einer gemeinsamen Lebenswelt ergeben. Die Beiträge nähern sich dem Problem interkultureller und interreligiöser Konflikte daher aus einer anderen Perspektive an als die Debatten um universelle ethische Werte oder um ein gemeinsames Weltethos. Während diese davon ausgehen, dass ethische und kulturelle Differenzen in einer globalen Praxis nur durch die Rückbindung an universelle Prinzipien zu bewältigen sind, loten die hier versammelten Beiträge jene kreativen Spielräume der wechselseitigen Ergänzung und Selbstreflexion aus, die sich aus der Begegnung verschiedener Wissenskulturen und Wertvorstellungen ergeben.

A study of communities in the Horn of Africa where reciprocity is a dominant social principle, offering a concrete countermodel to the hierarchical state. Over the course of history, people have developed many varieties of communal life; the state, with its hierarchical structure, is only one of the possibilities for society. In this book, leading anthropologist Hermann Amborn identifies a countermodel to the state, describing communities where reciprocity is a dominant social principle and where egalitarianism is a matter of course. He pays particular attention to such communities in the Horn of Africa, where nonhierarchical, nonstate societies exist within the borders of a hierarchical structured state. This form of community, Amborn shows, is not a historical forerunner to monarchy or the primitive state, nor is it obsolete as a social model. These communities offer a concrete counterexample to societies with strict hierarchical structures. Amborn investigates social forms of expression, ideas, practices, and institutions that oppose the hegemony of one group over another, exploring how conceptions of values and laws counteract tendencies toward the accumulation of power. He examines not only how the nonhegemonic ethos is reflected in law but also how anarchic social formations can exist. In the Horn of Africa, the autonomous jurisdiction of these societies protects against destructive outside influences, offers a counterweight to hegemonic violence, and contributes to the stabilization of communal life. In an era of widespread dissatisfaction with Western political systems, Amborn's study offers an opportunity to shift from traditional theories of anarchism and nonhegemony that project a stateless society to consider instead stateless societies already in operation.

Forms of group identity play a prominent role in everyday lives and politics in northeast Africa. Case studies from Sudan, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Kenya illustrate the way that identities are formed and change over time, and how local, national, and international politics are interwoven. Specific attention is paid to the impact of modern weaponry, new technologies, religious conversion, food and land shortages, international borders, civil war, and displacement on group identities. Drawing on the expertise of anthropologists, historians and geographers, these volumes provide a significant account of a society profoundly shaped by identity politics and contribute to a better understanding of the nature of conflict and war, and forms of alliance and peacemaking, thus providing a comprehensive portrait of this troubled region