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"Based on the premise that the project of Western Modernity is a structuring element of our societies, Racism and Racial Surveillance explores in detail its legacies of coloniality and racialization that interfere in a subtle and perverse way in the current social, cultural and political systems.
Guided by an interdisciplinary methodology, the various contributions privilege historical contexts of colonial formation and offer a thorough and intersectional analysis on the specters of coloniality in the upsurge of racism, surveillance, and criminalization, as well as the presence of the phantom of the race in spaces of knowledge production such as that of artistic field, forensic genetics and criminal identification.
Drawing on multi case studies the book then proffers key concepts and historical background that will be of interest to researchers, students and professionals in a broad range of areas of social sciences and humanities research, including fields such as criminology and policing, science and technology studies, arts studies, literary studies, race and ethnic studies and, finally, memory studies."

New cross-border regimes of biometrics and databasing in the EU are contributing to a conflation of the treatment of irregularity, asylum seeking, and criminality. States provide migrants' biometric data to transnational databases that are increasingly interoperable in the area of migration and crime control, to be accessible for state-based law enforcement actors. This article uses the case of Eurodac – a biometric database initially developed for migration control purposes – to explore the ongoing expansion of law enforcement access to the collected information for the purpose of crime control. The article studies how borders are selectively made permeable for biometric data flows in the light of "crimmigration" discourses. It combines insights from critical migration, border, and security studies that address the increasing overlapping of migration and crime control in policy discourse, law, and surveillance technologies. The study addresses the reconfiguration of crimmigration – and the normalisation and diversification of the figure of the "crimmigrant other" – through the expansion of cross-border flows of biometric data by law enforcement. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This chapter examines the profound social, ethical and political implications of the use of forensic DNA phenotyping (FDP) technologies in Germany, a nation whose collective memory regarding genetics is still influenced by memories of its Nazi past and of how science was used in racialising genetics and the eugenics movement. Germany's past has contributed to a strong sense of privacy regarding genetics and a general suspicion about state players accessing sensitive genetic information. Germany, therefore, offers a political-cultural context in which various stakeholders have a deep-seated awareness of the risks of racial discrimination, and where diverse safeguards are urgently needed to achieve acceptable and accountable technologies. Controversies remain due to unease concerning racialised legacies, and fears of aggravating racial bias in an effort to fix it. The author argues that, quite clearly from its history of race science and eugenics, particularly in the 20th century, to the criminalisation of migrants after the 2015 summer of migration in the 21st century, various discriminatory systems in different eras have produced and reproduced social divisions and inequalities, producing wider ecologies for the politics of belonging and non-belonging. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

New cross-border regimes of biometrics and databasing in the EU are contributing to a conflation of the treatment of irregularity, asylum seeking, and criminality. States provide migrants' biometric data to transnational databases that are increasingly interoperable in the area of migration and crime control, to be accessible for state-based law enforcement actors. This article uses the case of Eurodac - a biometric database initially developed for migration control purposes - to explore the ongoing expansion of law enforcement access to the collected information for the purpose of crime control. The article studies how borders are selectively made permeable for biometric data flows in the light of "crimmigration" discourses. It combines insights from critical migration, border, and security studies that address the increasing overlapping of migration and crime control in policy discourse, law, and surveillance technologies. The study addresses the reconfiguration of crimmigration - and the normalisation and diversification of the figure of the "crimmigrant other" - through the expansion of cross-border flows of biometric data by law enforcement.

Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich. ; This publication is with permission of the rights owner freely accessible due to an Alliance licence and a national licence (funded by the DFG, German Research Foundation) respectively. ; We reconstruct the innovation journey of citizen panels', as a family of participation methods, over four decades and across different sites of development and application. A process of aggregation leads from local practices of designing participatory procedures like the citizens jury, planning cell, or consensus conference in the 1970s and 1980s, to the disembedding and proliferation of procedural formats in the 1990s, and into the trans-local consolidation of participatory practices through laboratory-based expertise since about 2000. Our account highlights a central irony: anti-technocratic engagements with governance gave birth to efforts at establishing technoscientific control over questions of political procedure. But such efforts have been met with various forms of reflexive engagement that draw out implications and turn design questions back into matters of concern. An emerging informal assessment regime for technologies of participation as yet prevents closure on one dominant global design for democracy beyond the state. ; BMBF, 01UU0906, Innovation in Governance

We reconstruct the innovation journey of 'citizen panels', as a family of participation methods, over four decades and across different sites of development and application. A process of aggregation leads from local practices of designing participatory procedures like the citizens jury, planning cell, or consensus conference in the 1970s and 1980s, to the disembedding and proliferation of procedural formats in the 1990s, and into the trans-local consolidation of participatory practices through laboratory-based expertise since about 2000. Our account highlights a central irony: anti-technocratic engagements with governance gave birth to efforts at establishing technoscientific control over questions of political procedure. But such efforts have been met with various forms of reflexive engagement that draw out implications and turn design questions back into matters of concern. An emerging informal assessment regime for technologies of participation as yet prevents closure on one dominant global design for democracy beyond the state. ; BMBF, 01UU0906, Innovation in Governance

Chapter 1 – Introduction -- Chapter 2 – A brief history of the evolution of forensic biometrics and biometric database systems crossing borders in EU law enforcement -- Chapter 3 – Biobordering as a concept -- Chapter 4 – Germany -- Chapter 5 – The Netherlands -- Chapter 6 – Poland -- Chapter 7 – Portugal -- Chapter 8 – The United Kingdom -- Chapter 9 – Conclusion.

This open access book explores how biometric data is increasingly flowing across borders in order to limit, control and contain the mobility of selected people, namely criminalized populations. It introduces the concept of bio-bordering, using it to capture reverse patterns of bordering and ordering practices linked to transnational biometric data exchange regimes. The concept is useful to reconstruct how the territorial foundations of national state autonomy are partially reclaimed and, at the same time, partially purposefully suspended. The book focuses on the Prüm system, which facilitates the mandatory exchange of forensic DNA data amongst EU Member States. The Prüm system is an underexplored phenomenon, representing diverse instances of bio-bordering and providing a complex picture of the hidden (dis)integration of Europe. Particular legal, scientific, technical and political dimensions related to the governance and uses of biometric technologies in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and the United Kingdom are specifically explored to demonstrate both similar and distinct patterns.

This open access book explores how biometric data is increasingly flowing across borders in order to limit, control and contain the mobility of selected people, namely criminalized populations. It introduces the concept of bio-bordering, using it to capture reverse patterns of bordering and ordering practices linked to transnational biometric data exchange regimes. The concept is useful to reconstruct how the territorial foundations of national state autonomy are partially reclaimed and, at the same time, partially purposefully suspended. The book focuses on the Prüm system, which facilitates the mandatory exchange of forensic DNA data amongst EU Member States. The Prüm system is an underexplored phenomenon, representing diverse instances of bio-bordering and providing a complex picture of the hidden (dis)integration of Europe. Particular legal, scientific, technical and political dimensions related to the governance and uses of biometric technologies in Germany, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal and the United Kingdom are specifically explored to demonstrate both similar and distinct patterns. ...

A partir das tecnologias genéticas de vigilância utilizadas para combater o crime, queremos explorar as preocupações éticas que constituem desafios para uma governação responsável destas mesmas inovações tecnológicas. A governação responsável enfrenta o desafio do equilíbrio entre os potenciais riscos e benefícios da vigilância – que são concebidos em cada país de forma diferente relativamente aos seus efeitos de (des)capacitação. O presente texto apoia-se nas controvérsias que têm acompanhado o surgimento e expansão de tecnologias forenses de vigilância genética em dois países: Portugal e o Reino Unido. Apesar de surgir caracterizado como um país de "sociedade de vigilância máxima", o Reino Unido tem sido palco de uma ampla controvérsia pública e contestações relativamente a estas tecnologias. Em Portugal a retórica política enfatizou a melhoria da eficácia do sistema de justiça e o estabelecimento da base de dados de ADN nacional foi acompanhado por uma aceitação pública silenciosa, companheira sintomática do sistema de vigilância português. Através do conceito de Jasanoff, 'epistemologias cívicas', analisamos de que forma é que as bases de dados genéticos forenses criadas e desenvolvidas em Portugal e no Reino Unido, com o objetivo de vigiar e controlar populações criminais, se relacionam com diferentes formas de conhecimento público. Por fim, o texto termina com um conjunto de sugestões sobre como repensar a governação democrática e responsável das tecnologias genéticas forenses. ; By focusing on genetic surveillance technologies used to fight crime, we want to explore ethical concerns that bring challenges to a responsible governance of these technological innovations. Responsible governance faces the challenge of balancing between potential risks and benefits of surveillance – which are conceived differently in each country with regards to their empowering and disempowering effects. We draw on controversies which have accompanied the emergence and expansion of forensic genetic surveillance technologies in two different countries: Portugal and the UK. While UK has been characterized as the "maximum surveillance society" it also has generally experienced broad public controversy on contested technologies. In Portugal the political rhetoric emphasized the improvement of the efficacy of the justice system, and the establishment of the national forensic DNA database has been accompanied by silent public acceptance, a symptomatic companion in the Portuguese surveillance system. Using Jasanoff's analytical concept of 'civic epistemologies' we will analyze how the development and establishment of forensic DNA databases aiming at surveillance and tracking of "criminal populations" in Portugal and in the UK are rooted in different ways of public knowing. Finally, we conclude with suggestions how to rethink democratic and responsible governance of forensic genetics technologies.