Suchergebnisse

العنف في البرلمان الأردني يحظى الآن باهتمام كبير؛ لأنه يخلق تحديًا خطيرًا للديمقراطية، بالإضافة إلى كونه انتهاكًا صارخً الحقوق الإنسان، لهذا هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على المشكلة وفهمها كخطوة أو لىنح والبحث عن حلول، بالإضافة إلى ذلك،هدفت إلى استكشاف أسباب ونتائج وتداعيات هذه الظاهرة، لتحقيق أهداف الدراسة والإجابة على أسئلتها، فقد اتبع الباحث المنهج التحليل يبشكل رئيسي، وقدتم استخلاص البيانات الثانوية والأفكار بشكل واسع من منظري الصراع، كشفت الدراسة أنحالات العنف في مجلس النواب زادت في المجالس الثلاثة الأخيرة (السادس عشر والسابع عشر والثامن عشر). رافق هذا المعدل المتزايد لحالات العنف التعديلات التي أدخلت على القانون الانتخاب 2010 و 2013 و 2016.ومن الجدير بالملاحظة أن مجموعة واسعةمن الأحزاب،بقيادة جبهة العمل الإلامي قاطعت هذه الانتخابات،مما أدى إلى تأثير عميق على الطبيعة وتشكيل البرلمان ومما كان له الأثر الكبير على معدل العنف،ومن التوصيات التي أوصت بها الدراسة أنهن اكحاجة حقيقية لتهيئة بيئة مشجعة للأحزاب السياسية وتعزيز قدراتهاعلى أن تكون نشطة حتى تلعب دورًا مهمًا في الانتخابات البرلمانية القادمة،من خل التصميم أكثر النظم الانتخابية لتكون أكثر ملاءمةً لتحقيق نتائج إيجابية. ; Background: Violence in the Jordanian parliament is now receiving a great attention as it creates a serious challenge to democracy, in addition to being a blatant violation to human rights. Aim of the Study: the study aims to acknowledge and understand the problem as the first step towards seeking solutions. In addition, it aims to explore the causes and consequences of this phenomenon. Research Method: This is mainly a cross-section descriptive study, and the secondary data and insights were drawn extensively from the conflict theorists. Results: The study has revealed that violence cases in the house of deputies increased in the last three councils (16th,17th, and 18th). This increasing rate has been accompanied by amendments made to the electoral law of the 2010, 2013 and 2016 elections, taking into consideration the wide range of parties, led by the IAF that boycotted these elections, having led to a profound impact on the nature and structure of parliament and accordingly on the rate of violence. Recommendations: Among many other recommendations, the study shows that there is a real need for creating an encouraging environment for political parties and enhancing their capacities to become active and play an important role in the upcoming parliamentary elections, through designing the most suitable electoral systems to achieve positive outcomes.

Abstract. This study discusses the social history and development of Shiite groups in Manado. It is known in Manado that there are Shi'ite religious groups with various organizations. This study wants to answer the question: how come and the development of Shi'ite followers in Manado. Start when it comes and develops. Who are the characters, and how they relate to similar flow groups in Indonesia. Through the method of observation and in-depth interviews with various parties involved in Manado and surrounding areas, this research found several important things including: the understanding or ideological thinking of the Shi'a sect has basically been accepted since the development of Islamic activism which was rolled out after the 1979 Iranian revolution. became a religious organization along with the opening of the taps of political reform in Indonesia, precisely in 2005 when the Shiite-based study groups began to develop in Manado. The acceptance of this group is mainly due to emotional closeness both in terms of kinship or other social relations between the group figures and their followers. The acceptance of this group is also due to the phenomenon of "curiosity" about the new flow that is opposed but it actually makes new followers get a new "interesting" understanding in religion. Meanwhile, the refusal of the sect was due to unbalanced information from actual Shiite sources. The Shi'a sect in Manado is not in an extreme Shia category that infiltrates, opposes and spread hatred towards other Islamic groups. With these findings, this study recommends that the Shiite sect is not a scourge or threat to Muslims in North Sulawesi. In fact, they must be embraced to cooperate in advancing Muslims in this region. Differences in furu or non-fundametal understandings should not be used as an excuse to marginalize this group of Muslims in Manado, North Sulawesi. Keywords: Syiah, Manado. Abstrak. Penelitian ini mendiskusikan tentang sejarah sosial dan perkembangan kelompok Syiah di Manado. Diketahui di Manado terdapat aliran kelompok keagamaan Syiah dengan berbagai organisasinya. Penelitian ini ingin menjawab pertanyaan: bagaimana datang dan berkembangnya penganut aliran Syiah di Manado. Mulai kapan datang dan berkembang. Siapa tokoh-tokohnya, dan bagaimana keterkaitannya dengan kelompok aliran serupa di Indonesia. Melalui metode observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan berbagai pihak yang terkait di Manado dan sekitarnya, penelitian ini menemukan beberapa hal penting di antaranya : pemahaman atau pemikiran ideologis aliran Syiah pada dasarnya sudah diterima sejak berkembangnya aktivisme islam yang di gulirkan pasca revolusi Iran 1979. Namun baru berkembang menjadi organisasi keagamaan bersamaan dengan dibukanya kran reformasi politik di Indonesia, tepatnya tahun 2005 saat mulai berkembangnya kelompok-kelompok pengajian berpaham Syiah di Manado. Penerimaan yang terjadi terhadap kelompok ini utamanya karena kedekatan emosi baik secara kekerabatan atau hubungan sosial lainnya antara figur-figur kelompok tersebut dengan para pengikutnya. Penerimaan terhadap kelompok ini juga karena fenomena "penasaran" terhadap aliran baru yang ditentang tapi justru membuatpengikut baru mendapatkan pemahaman baru yang "menarik" dalam beragama. Sementara itu, penolakan-penolakan terhadap kelompok aliran ini lebih disebabkan karena informasi yang tidak seimbang dari sumber-sumber Syiah yang sebenarnya. Kelompok aliran Syiah di Manado bukan dalam kategori syiah ekstrim yang mengkafirkan, memusuhi, dan menyebarkan kebencian terhadap kelompok Islam lainnya. Dengan temuan ini, penelitian ini merekomendasikan agar kelompok aliran Syiah tidak dijadikan momok atau ancaman bagi umat Islam di Sulawesi Utara. Bahkan harus dirangkul untuk bekerja sama dalam memajukan umat Islam di Wilayah ini. Perbedaan pemahaman yang bersifat furu atau bukan fundametal janganlah dijadikan alasan unntuk meminggirkan kelompok ini dari bagian umat Islam di Manado Sulawesi Utara. Keywords: Syiah, Manado.

This study aims to determine how the implementation of the village development program an as use of village funds in improving the welfare of the community in Lailangga village, Wadaga District West Muna Regency. The results of this research are disorganizing how to implement the village development program As the use of funds village in increasing the welfare of the community as seen from planning or village government work plan budgeting APBDesa, and the realization stage or the implementation of the Realization program is a necessity of the village community in accordance with village government deliberations with the community. Supporting factors implementation of the village development program as an use of village funds Good communication between the village government and the community is established good communication is the key to running a program effectively Resources are also very influential, including human resources, for example level of public education clear bureaucratic structure and attitudes or dispositions program implementers Inhibiting factors for program implementation Village development is a clash of interpretations of goals between the government with society and collisions.

This article's starting point is the recognition that urban Africa faces a set of economic, social, political and infrastructural challenges sufficiently specific to its context to warrant its own (hitherto modest) repertoire of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) localisation roadmaps. Drawing on field-based comparative research across Cairo and Dar es Salaam, and focusing on SDG 6 (water and sanitation) and SDG 11.2 (mobility), the article develops a research methodology that helps to detect fissures between the general SDG framework and microscopic realities on the ground in African cities. Although each of the two cities has a specific set of urban realities and development paradigms, the paper develops a localisation process that is applicable across both geographies (and beyond) based on the similar prevalence of urban informality in African cities, which the current SDG framework insufficiently, or at times inaccurately, factors in. The methodology comprises three key components: 1) a top-down policy analysis of SDG responses at national and city levels; 2) grounded field research of local practices at a neighbourhood level; and 3) revising the SDG targets and indicators through a proposed 'Toolkit for Localising'.

Purpose
The study aims to examine the influence of female chief executive officer (CEO) and female chief financial officer (CFO) on the linkage between internationalization and firm performance.


Design/methodology/approach
This study used 2926 firm-year observations of nonfinancial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange over the period 2012–2021. This study used ordinary least squares regression method to test the hypotheses, and additionally, generalized method of moments estimation and fixed effect analysis were used to check for the robustness of the results.


Findings
Using the framework of upper echelons theory and resource dependence theory, this study reports that internationalization has a positive impact on firm performance. Moreover, the results show that the presence of female CEO and female CFO strengthens the positive relationship between internationalization and firm performance. The results add to the gender diversity literature by highlighting the positive role of female CEOs and female CFOs on the internationalization and performance of firms in a male-dominated society.


Originality/value
This study adds to the limited literature on the internationalization of businesses in an emerging market and provides empirical support to upper echelons theory and resource dependence theory by highlighting the benefits brought to the firm through female CEOs and female CFOs.

During the past decade, usage of online social network sites has grown dramatically rivaling search engines as the most visited Internet site. The intensive literature review reveals the existing of several studies that have been done on the field of Online Social Network (OSN), but there is a lack of research that deals with usage in the context of public sector organizations. This study aims to employ structural equation modeling via AMOS to analyze 401 valid questionnaires for assessing a model which is proposed based on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) to identify the factors affecting the use of OSN among employees of a public sector organization in the UAE. The proposed model examines the influence of four factors; performance, effort, social influence, and facilitating conditions on the actual use of OSN. Results indicated that all these factors (as independent variables) significantly predicted the actual usage of OSN with various percentages. Our work improved the insights on the online social networking usage in the context of public sector organizations.