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The study aims at exploring the English teachers' understanding and use of curricular recommendations at primary schools in Bangladesh. Recently, to implement the language teaching policy of communicative approach in English teaching at the primary level, Government of Bangladesh has worked seriously. But with students having little opportunity to use English in their classroom environment and without a sufficient number of qualified English teachers, it is less possible for the students to acquire English language skills as well as to fulfill the purpose of the newest curriculum of NCTB of Bangladesh. Previous researchers have shown that the most of the students of the primary schools are weak in English due to the insufficiency of skilled and trained teachers who are well-known to the latest methodology and approaches of teaching as well as the lack of sufficient materials for teaching in the classroom. The study will also reveal the present condition of English teaching at primary level and investigate the major issues and barriers of teaching as well as reason of not implementing the purpose of latest curriculum by the English teachers' at the primary level in Bangladesh.Keywords: understanding, curriculum, implement, CLT, practice, materials.

5G aren't just about significantly improving network connectivity. It's a next-generation mobile network that promises to be a game changer in the way we live. The true breakthrough of 5G is the capacity of up to 1,000 5G connected devices per person. It covers all 7 billion people worldwide. One of the great expectations for the future is that not only will all humans be connected to the Internet, but most items of our lives will also be connected. With 5G, coverage will be improved, capacity will be increased, latency will be reduced, and data speed will significantly improve. Future 5G solutions will outperform current 4G mobile networks in several ways. Significant improvements in device density, transfer speeds and latencies, and a 90% reduction in power consumption are just a few of the 5G goals. On the other hand, the harmful effects of frequency radiation have already been proven. Even before 5G was proposed, dozens of petitions and appeals by international scientists, including the Flyberger appeal signed by more than 3,000 doctors, stopped the expansion of wireless technology and made new base stations. Requested a moratorium. Negative microbiological effects have also been recorded. Government regulators will consider deploying 5G, especially with the additional infrastructure needed to expand their networks. 5G deployments need to address both standard and advanced cybersecurity threats. It is the responsibility of the carrier and network consortium to provide customers with digital safety nets, except that customer complacency can be an issue as well.

SummarySocioeconomic differences and trends in infant and child mortality in Bangladesh are examined using data from the 1975 World Fertility Survey and 1979 Contraceptive Prevalence Survey. There is evidence of some recent decline in infant and child mortality. Logit analysis of infant and child mortality indicates that sociodemographic variables such as mother's education, recent period, or higher birth orders, had significant independent effects upon the reduction of infant and child mortality. Other variables such as fetal loss, father's education, or land ownership had no consistent significant effect of upon infant and child mortality. On the other hand, the effect of urban residence on infant and child mortality was positive after the control of the sociodemographic variables. Mere concentration on the supply of modern medical services may bring limited returns unless they are reinforced by appropriate social changes, in particular those affecting the socioeconomic status of women.

SummaryThis study investigates the effect of son preference on contraceptive use and desire for additional children using national level survey data from Bangladesh for the years 1969 and 1979. Son preference had a negative effect on contraceptive use and a positive effect on the desire for additional children regardless of socioeconomic and demographic characteristics. This adverse effect of son preference on fertility regulation seemed to have persisted over the years. Relevant socioeconomic conditions in Bangladesh are described.

Changes and differences in housing quality for blacks and whites in the United States between 1960 and 1978 were examined using data from the Annual Housing Surveys for the years 1974 and 1978, and from the one-in-one-thousand sample Public Use File from the 1960 Census. There were substantial improvements in housing quality between 1960 and 1978. However, racial differences in housing quality, as measured by structural deficiency, crowding, and age of housing unit, persisted over the two decades regardless of socioeconomic status, family composition, and geographic regions. The data do not reveal substantial declines in racial disparity in housing over the two decades.

SummaryCumulative fertility as measured by deviation from the natural fertility schedule is determined more by intermediate variables such as child mortality, the use of supplementary food, lactation, and husband's absence, than by the practice of fertility control using modern contraceptive methods. Socioeconomic factors like education, urban residence and the possession of household assets, though differentiating these intermediate variables of fertility, do not have direct effects on cumulative fertility among the sample of Bangladeshi women in the Bangladesh Fertility Survey. The effect of age, controlling for the effect of these intermediate variables, remains strongly negative, suggesting an early onset of subfecundity. The implications of these findings for fertility trends and differentials in recent decades are discussed.

The study examines the trends and differentials in knowledge,
ever .use, current use, and future intended use of contraceptives in
rural Bangladesh. Using data from three national-level surveys between
1968 and 1977, the study finds that there had been an increase in
contraceptive knowledge, ever use, current use, and future intended use
over the years. Although estimated logit regression models indicated
that more educated women and women having higher parity were
significantly more likely to adopt or to intend to adopt contraceptives
in the future, other socio-economic indicators such as regional
development or non-agricultural occupations did not lead to higher
contraceptive use or future intended use of contraceptives. Somewhat
similar levels of differences in ever, current, and future intended use
of contraceptives among socio-economic groups persisted over the years.
Implications of these findings are discussed in the paper.

By analysing a 1992 national level household sample survey
data collected from the female recipients of collateral-free loans of
three relatively large rural development agencies in Bangladesh-GB,
BRAC, and BRDB-the present study shows that the participation in
income-generating projects by poor rural women had been associated with
their increased level of contraceptive use, decreased level of
fertility, elevated level of desire for no more children, and enhanced
level of empowerment. Some of these effects were much higher than those
of the corresponding levels for Bangladesh as a whole, indicating the
possible additional effect of income-generating projects as well as the
effects of their population-education components. The implications of
these findings for an integrated development strategy m Bangladesh are
discussed.

SummaryInfant and child mortality levels and trends in Bangladesh are examined using data from the 1989 Bangladesh Fertility Survey. Both infant and child mortality declined from the mid 1970s but infant mortality declined more quickly. The level of infant mortality in 1989 was around 100 per 1000 live births while child mortality (5q) was 200 per 1000 live births. Life table analysis confirms the change in infant and child mortality.The decline in infant mortality is attributed to the introduction of improved public health measures and access to maternal and child health services.