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The Massachusetts Employment & Training Choices, a successful demonstration project in the 1980s that sought to bring AFDC (Aid to Families with Dependent Children) recipients into the job market, is an example of microreform with microscopic gains. However, one lesson learned from the experience is that results of job training & education programs will become more positive the longer they are continued and evaluated. Also, real gains can be made if AFDC recipients are allowed to invest in a college education, which is the only reliable way any woman can get above the poverty level. The labor market has always been shaped by public policy; now a public policy is needed that treats the welfare system as a prop, like the minimum wage, to support families of poor women at an acceptable level. V. Wagener

Book Reviews: The Antitrust Penalties: A Study in Law and Economics By Kenneth G. Elzinga and William Breit Reviewed by George A. Hay The Antitrust Penalties was published in 1976. Its main mes-sage is that the only efficient antitrust penalty is a heavy fine and that incarceration comes out poorly by any benefit-cost standard.Later that year, in a celebrated and possibly unprecedented appearance, newly appointed Assistant Attorney General Donald I. Baker argued before a federal district judge that jail sentences were the appropriate penalty for a group of defendants who had just been convicted in one of the major price-fixing cases of the past twenty years. Fines, he suggested, offered insufficient deterrence for future would-be criminals. Moreover, after that appearance, the call for jail sentences in price-fixing cases became the dominant theme in Baker's brief but active tenure.' Thus the evidence is clear that Elzinga and Breit's missionary expedition had failed to convert the chief antitrust enforcement official. Why the attempted conversion thus far has failed is a question this review will address. ============================ Antitrust Law: an Economic Perspective - By Richard A. Posner Reviewed by H. Michael Mann and Teresa Amott Professor Posner offers an articulation of a viewpoint derived from research and writing in the law and economics of antitrust. His position is that the promotion of vigorous competition can be accomplished by one statute (section 1 of the Sherman Act) that prohibits collusive action designed to restrict output below and concurrently raise prices above the competitive level and that imposes severe fines for violations. We are unconvinced, although we acknowledge that we agree with much of Posner's criticism about the application of antitrust law. ======================== Taking Rights Seriously - By Ronald Dworkin Reviewed by John D. Hodson The work of Ronald Dworkin covers a broad range of topics in political and legal philosophy. His Taking Rights Seriously brings together ...