Suchergebnisse

Este artículo mediante el criterio metodológico del análisis crítico examina el estado legal de los contratos inteligentes, sus particularidades, características y la posibilidad de introducir esta categoría en el campo legal. El objetivo principal del estudio es determinar el estado legal de los contratos inteligentes, y la posibilidad de aplicación en el derecho civil. Durante el estudio se llegó a la conclusión de que el contrato inteligente es un código de programa, basado en la tecnología blockchain, la cual por sus características legales es un mensaje legalmente significativo escrito en un idioma (lenguaje artificial) y respaldado por la firma digital electrónica de cada una de las partes. Se ha demostrado como las interacciones multilaterales realizadas a través de contratos inteligentes permiten reducir los costos de la realización y control de las operaciones, aumentar la velocidad de las operaciones y reducir los riesgos asociados con las acciones desleales de las partes. ; This article using critical analysis discusses the legal status of smart contracts, their features and characteristics, and the possibility of introducing this category into the legal field. The main goal of the study is to determine the legal status of smart contracts. The study concludes that a smart contract is a program code based on blockchain technology, which, by legal characteristics, is a le-gally significant message recorded in a language (artificial language) and sealed with an electronic digital signature of each of the parties (or certified with a special key). It is proved that the multi-lateral interactions implemented through smart contracts can reduce the costs of operations and control them, increase the speed of operations and reduce the risks associated with dishonest actions of the parties, minimize or completely exclude intermediaries from the transaction; therefore, legislation should provide for the possibility of us-ing smart contracts along with existing contracts.

This paper investigates the speci嘜cs of electronic trade and the issues of protecting the rights of online-consumers, considers their rights and obligations, since we all face a radically new phenomenon in the sphere of trade – An unprecedented boom of electronic trade (e-commerce), based on the use of the Internet for concluding transactions and operations in the systems of wholesale and retail trade. The means of electronic communication provide broad opportunities for direct contacts between individuals from different countries. The development of electronic communications poses new tasks before the system of international private law, and one of them is the protection of the consumer rights, when conducting electronic trade. The main goal of this research is to explore the contemporary state of electronic trade worldwide and to outline the principles of the online consumer protection. Writing this paper, the following scienti嘜c methods were employed: The method of collecting and examining individual facts, of generalizing, of abstract scienti嘜c conceptualization, the methods of discovering the general rule. As a result of the analysis conducted, we can present a list of the basic principles of protecting the rights of the online consumers – the principle of the right to return the goods bought via the internet; the right to address complaints, when buying goods via the Internet; the principle of recognition of online contracts; the principle of providing effective protection; the principle of protecting the personal data of the online consumers. The paper suggests a de嘜nition of electronic trade by the authors. We conclude that it is necessary to devise an ef嘜cient structure for the judicial system, as well as the legislation that would be really applicable, in the implementation of the consumer right protection in electronic trade.