Suchergebnisse

The Italian unification period of the nineteenth century finally saw the fragmented states of Italy become one nation as it stands today. This article explores how Italian nationalist Giuseppe Mazzini influenced Italy's unification. By using a combination of Mazzini's essays and autobiographical notes along with secondary sources on Mazzini and nineteenth century Italy, this article demonstrates that his writings allowed for the dissemination of nationalist thought throughout Italy and Europe more broadly. Mazzini was often discredited by his contemporaries and early historians as a failure due to his unsuccessful military revolutions, but only looking at his revolutionary actions fails to take into account the fact that Mazzini's life's work was educating the Italian people on the importance of national unity.

Vietnamese Buddhist monk and peace activist Thích Nhất Hạnh has been a leading figure in the promotion of nonviolent practice throughout the world. We examine his concept of engaged Buddhism, theories of nonviolence, and intersections with rhetorical and communication studies. His approach takes nonviolence beyond the realm of refusing to use physical violence to the recognition that language itself can be violent. In order to understand this approach we detail the concepts of interbeing, loving speech, and deep listening. We examine the role of love in Nhất Hạnh's theory of nonviolence, comparing it with approaches taken by Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. Examples are given from many of Nhất Hạnh's speeches and writings with particular attention paid to a love letter he wrote to US President George W. Bush during the Iraq War. Thích Nhất Hạnh offers the practice of writing a love letter to one's perceived enemy as a means to persuade for a turn to nonviolence.

BACKGROUND: The rapid spread of COVID-19 in recent months has caused local and regional governments to enact protective measures that have hindered economies and imposed demanding restrictions on daily life. Households may be experiencing physical, psychological, social, and economic challenges due to these preventative measures. Populations with fewer resources and/or pre-existing conditions may be at higher risk for these negative, life-altering effects. Therefore, we investigated COVID-19 impact on daily life among persons living with HIV (PLH) in Chicago's under-resourced, largely minority, west and southwest side communities. METHODS: We modified the EPII, a survey designed to measure pandemic disease impact over nine domains of life, to assess how COVID-19 affected PLH receiving outpatient HIV care. From 5/11–29/2020, participants (n=49) completed the survey online or over the phone and received a $10 grocery gift card. We present the proportion of respondents who reported that they or any household member was impacted by select survey items. RESULTS: More than half of respondents reported a household member getting laid off and/or furloughed (63%), increased mental health (45%) or sleep problems (51%), less physical activity (61%), and increased screen time (82%); 45% were unable to pay important bills. Positive changes included eating healthier foods (53%), more time for enjoyable activities (63%), more quality time with friends or family (65%), and paying more attention to personal health (76%). We observed differences by gender, age, and race/ethnicity over all domains (Table 1). Finally, 80% of those who participated in telehealth services were satisfied with their experience. Table 1. [Image: see text] CONCLUSION: Overall, respondents struggled with employment, emotional and physical health effects of COVID-19, yet also experienced aspects of positive life change. In the future, these results should be compared with results from a general population to determine whether PLH are disproportionately ...

Legislation passed in 2000 allowed syringe exchange programs (SEPs) in California to operate legally if local jurisdictions declare a local HIV public health emergency. Nonetheless, even in locales where SEPs are legal, the possession of drug paraphernalia, including syringes, remained illegal. The objective of this paper is to examine the association between the legal status of SEPs and individual arrest or citation for drug paraphernalia among injection drug users (IDUs) in California from 2001 to 2003. Using data from three annual cross-sections (2001-03) of IDUs attending 24 SEPs in 16 California counties (N = 1,578), we found that overall, 14% of IDUs in our sample reported arrest or citation for paraphernalia in the 6 months before the interview. Further analysis found that 17% of IDUs attending a legal SEP (defined at the county level) reported arrest or citation for drug paraphernalia compared to 10% of IDUs attending an illegal SEP (p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, the adjusted odds ratio of arrest or citation for drug paraphernalia was 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.2, 2.3] for IDUs attending legal SEPs compared to IDUs attending illegal SEPs, after controlling for race/ethnicity, age, homelessness, illegal income, injection of amphetamines, years of injection drug use, frequency of SEP use, and number of needles received at last visit. IDUs attending SEPs with legal status may be more visible to police, and hence, more subject to arrest or citation for paraphernalia. These findings suggest that legislative efforts to decriminalize the operation of SEPs without concurrent decriminalization of syringe possession may result in higher odds of arrest among SEP clients, with potentially deleterious implications for the health and well-being of IDUs. More comprehensive approaches to removing barriers to accessing sterile syringes are needed if our public health goals for reducing new HIV/HCV infections are to be obtained.