Suchergebnisse

Chapter 1: Introduction: The Emergence of the Creative Society -- Chapter 2: The Creative Individual -- Chapter 3: The Entrepreneurial Individual -- Chapter 4: Cultural Individualism -- Chapter 5: Political Individualism -- Chapter 6: The Future of the Creative Society.

Key features of Austrian economic theory are the use of methodological individualism, the view that entrepreneurs cause development, and the recognition that local knowledge is largely tacit and thus difficult to communicate. The contributors to The Spatial Market Process show how these and other Austrian features provide an alternative foundation for understanding the spatial manifestation of economic phenomena. Many chapters elaborate upon theoretical insights first formulated by F.A. Hayek. The work of urban theorist Jane Jacobs, the entrepreneurship theories of both Joseph Schumpeter and Israel Kirzner, transaction costs in the Coasean tradition, and Fritz Machlup's notion of "knowledge conveyors" are examples of other theoretical constructs that are integrated into new spatial theories by the contributors; combining classical Austrian theories with contemporary breakthroughs

Abstract
In this essay, we trace the evolution of four different patent laws in Sweden; from the first Swedish law of privilegia exclusiva in 1819 to the country becoming only the third country in the world to introduce novelty searches into the law of 1884. We discuss the ensuing contemporary public debates surrounding new proposals for legislation, as well as discernible effects of new patent laws. From being mainly a question about the "tyranny of monopolies" in the early laws to being one of "life and death for Swedish industry" in the subsequent laws, we show how changes in patent legislation resulted in three different types of innovation; technological, market and organizational. The results show that although the early laws implied severe litigation problems and considerably shorter patent terms, an early market for technology emerged as legislation had clearly established that intellectual property could be sold, bought and inherited. Concurrently the law of 1856 created a market for patenting services and patent agencies by requiring the use of Swedish agents by foreign patentees. Finally, foreign patenting increased as restrictions on patentees being non-Swedish citizens were gradually phased out.

Contents: 1. Time and space ;an introduction -- 2. Time and capital in economic doctrines -- 3. Space in economic analysis ; from discrete to two-dimensional -- Continuous theory -- 4. Dynamic theories and models ; problems and creative potential -- 5. Time in the microeconomics of consumption -- 6. Durability, duration of production, growth, and location -- 7. Expectations, capital, and entrepreneurship -- 8. A general theory of infrastructure and economic development -- 9. The role of the transport infrastructure in the first logistical revolution -- 10. Institutional infrastructure and economic games -- 11. Real estate capital -- 12. Re-conceptualizing social capital -- 13. Creative knowledge capital -- 14. Looking ahead -- Index