Suchergebnisse

Summarium Temporum diversitatem, quam Actionis Catholicae origini bibliographia assignare solet, hoc studium explanare conatur. Praebet igitur primas In ordine nationali cognltas arganizationes quae testimonii laicorum actiones dirigere temptant. Huicquldem videntur haec esse .Asociación de Católicos» (1868) et «Juventud Católica» (1869-1870). Ultraque volunt distendere activitates tantummodo propagationis, pro diversis ordinibus. Rerum tamen adiuncta turbulenta anno 1868 profert priori necessitatem Ecclesiae defendendae in politicae ambitu. Post Restaurationem haec necessitas permanet. Sed tunc duae optiones surgunt: vel extrinsecus hanc defensionem implere adversus instituta Iiberalia («carlismo » et «integrismo») vel intrinsecus, iisdem acceptis pro malo minori («union católica»). In utraque re, nova organizatio conatur ut permanens dispositio detur politicae actuositati catholicorum. Haec vero indoles permanens eandem reddit excludentem. Necessitas se expediendi ab hoc exclusivismo animat conventus quos dicunt .Congresos Católicos Nacionales» (1889), ad omnes catholicas actuositates planificandas destinatos. Eorundem mensa constituens primum nuncupabitur -Junta de los Congresos» (1889), deinde «de Intereses Católicos» (fortasse 1894), denique «Junta de Acción Católica» (1903). Sic gignitur haec organizatio postremum iterum constituta anno 1926. Hoc studium prelo innititur confessionali raraque historiographia et bibliographia quae de hac quaestione disseruerunt. --- Abstract The study purports to clarify the diversity of dates which bibliographies usually give for the birth of Accion Católica as an institution. It presents the firts organizations known, on a national level, which attempted to guide the testimonial action of the laity. They apparently are the Asociación de Católicos (1868) and the Juventud Católica (1869/70). Both desired to maintain strictIy propagandistic activities, at different levels. The revolutionary atmosphehe of 1868 poses the first need to defend the Church in political life. After the Restoration the need remains, but with two possibilities: promote this defence from without (Carlims and integrism), against liberal institutions; or from within (Union Católica), considering these institutions as a lesser evil. In both cases the new systems try to offer a permanet organization to catholics political activityItisthe permanent characteristic which makes its exclusivistic. The need to escape said exclusivism in the chief topic of the Congresos Católicos Nacionales (1889-1902), destined to plan all Catholic activities. Its organizing committee (1888) will be subsequently called Junta de los Congresos (1889), Junta de Intereses Católicos (perhaps 1894), and finally, Junta de Acción Católica (1903). Such is the genesis of the organization, definiti vely organized in 1926. The study is based on confessional press notices, and on the scarce historiography and bibliography which has dealt with the problem.

SUMMARIUM Factio Liberalis hispana introducit in sua causa quaestionem religiosam anno 1899. Probabiliter sibi est unica subsistendi possibilitas impulsui Factionis Conservatoris, propinqui traditionalismo alphonsino a Leone XIII alito. Quapropter proponit legislationem quae praesertim privatae docentiae, fere exclusive rellgiosae, . vegilantiam statalem refert, ac maxime et vigilantiam institutorum perfectionis evangelicae. Haec omnia faciunt quaestionem iuridicam interpretationis articuli 29 in Concordato anno 1851 facto, qui ad litterum statum ad sustinendus institutos tres masculinos determinatos cogit, non ceterorum futuro constituto. Disputatio, primum inter liberales et traditionalistas, pervenit deinde diplomatica septembre anni 1901. Prosequitur non confecta post annos nunc examinatos. Pero hos annos novissima res publica, Sagasta praeside, ad vigilandos institutos quasdam promulgat cautiones, praesertim dispositionem regiam septembre anni 1901. Aplicatione autem ulteriori monstrat intentionem duntaxat politicam. Sunt cautiones quae ad opinionem destinantur, secreto autem cum Vaticano negotiatae. Ad hoc auctor consultavit fundos Archivi Generalis Ministerii Rerum Exteriorum, quod includit partem Archivi Legationis hispanae apud Vaticanum. Consultavit etiam documenta Archivi Aedis Regiae Matritensis, et litteras cottidianas varie intentionis, et annales rerum gestarum at que recentem bibliographiam. --- ABSTRAT The Spanish Liberal Party introduced the religious question to its program in 1899. This measure was probably considered necessary for subsistence, given the strenght of the Conservative Party, which favoured to Sorne extent, the Alphonsine traditionalism fostered by Leo XIII. Consequently it proposed legislation affecting, aboye aH,. state supervision of private teaching -almost exclusively religious- and especiaHy the control of Institutes of christian perfection, aH of this gave rise to the juridical problem of the interpretation of Article 29 of the Spanish Concordat which literaHy obliges the State to defend three specüicaHy-named male Institutes without special mention of other cases. Discussion between the Liberals and Traditionalists at a diplomatic level first occurred in September 1901 and still continued, without definite conclusions having been reached, at the end of the period which is studied here. In this period, the last I.iberal Government with Sagasta as President, promulgated sorne measures relating to the control of the Institutes, and, especially, the Royal Decree of 19-9-1901. But the manner of its posterior application clearly shows that it was merely intended as apurely political measure. It was intended to placate public opinion and had, in fact, been secretly negotiated with the Holy See. The following sources were consulted for purposes of thls present study: the General Archives of the Spanish Foreign Office, the documents of the Spanish Embassy to the Holy See,. the Archives of the Royal Palace in Madrid, the daily press of various tendencies, historiography and recent bibliography.