Suchergebnisse

Organizational restructuring and technological developments have been associated with working for longer hours, assuming more responsibilities, and feeling more pressure to reach demanding work targets leading to work intensification. Guided by the framework of the JD Resources and stress-as-offense-to-self theory, the aim of the present study was to explore how work intensification decreases work engagement. We posit that illegitimate tasks and work–family conflict could play a mediator role between work intensification and work engagement. A total of 480 employees in Portugal completed an online survey. The results showed a negative correlation between work intensification, illegitimate tasks, and work–family conflict. Work identification can affect work engagement indirectly through two paths: the separate intermediary effect of illegitimate tasks or work–family conflict and the continuous mediating role of illegitimate tasks and work–family conflict. The results indicate that work intensification decreases work engagement through the role of illegitimate tasks and work–family conflict. This study contributes to the literature on the impacts of work intensification by considering the sequential mediating effect of illegitimate tasks and work–family conflict on work engagement. Although past research has claimed that work intensification negatively impacts work engagement, our results showed that illegitimate tasks and work–family conflict play a critical role in this process.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the extent to which perceived organizational support and coworkers' conflict and work-family conflict play a role in the performance of three types of organizational citizenship behaviors. A cross-sectional design was used comprising a sample of 164 health support workers working in Portuguese elderly care facilities. Using structural equation model findings showed that perceived organizational support is linked with organizational citizenship behaviors, directly and indirectly, via work-family conflict. Furthermore, coworkers' conflict was also related with organizational citizenship behaviors, directly and indirectly via work-family conflict. The linkage between perceived organizational support and coworkers' conflict through work-family conflict can offer new insights into how to enhance organizational citizenship behaviors by active management. These findings can help elderly care organizations and their managers to design better workplace conditions where organizational support and coworkers' conflict can be better managed allowing workers to have more control over work-family conflict and promoting organizational citizenship behaviors.

Even though research has been showing that telework, under regular circumstances, could benefit the integration of work and family life, mandatory telework during the COVID-19 lockdown brought additional challenges, with potential to create conflicts between work and family spheres. Using regression analysis, this study examined the contribution of demographic and job-related variables to the prediction of work–family conflict among a sample of 213 workers who were involved in mandatory telework during the first lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed that role overload, after-hours work-related technology use, and low job autonomy accounted for the prediction of work–family conflict. Support from the supervisors and coworkers did not have an impact in easing the perception of work–family conflict but presented a moderation effect between after-hours work-related technology use and work–family conflict. Implications of the study for management practices related to telework, limitations of the study, and directions for future research are discussed.

Résumé L'extension de la période de la cohabitation avec les parents, associée aux difficultés de l'emploi, a suscité un regain d'intérêt face aux processus de la transmission intergénérationnelle des rôles adultes et de leurs modes de conciliation. Ces rôles sont encore fortement marqués par les critères de genre et si les jeunes partagent des attitudes plus égalitaires que celles de leurs parents, les modèles familiaux se transmettent de génération en génération. L'étude ici présentée prétend vérifier dans quelle mesure les stratégies de conciliation des rôles familiaux et professionnels de jeunes universitaires, garçons et filles, dépendent directement de celles de leurs parents ou indirectement des attitudes plus générales de ceux-ci face à la famille, au travail et aux rôles de genre. Portant sur 101 triades père-mère-enfant, les résultats permettent de distinguer l'influence du père de celle de la mère tout en tenant compte des variations relatives au genre de l'enfant. Ils confirment la présence d'une transmission intergénérationnelle, directe et indirecte, des attitudes face aux rôles familiaux et professionnels ainsi que des formes privilégiées de conciliation. Le rôle médiateur du genre, tant du parent que de l'enfant, dans les voies adoptées par la transmission, est également mis en exergue.

O presente estudo procura compreender a importância da responsabilidade social das empresas (RSE) enquanto fator influenciador da intenção de compra dos Millennials portugueses no setor da indústria cosmética, com recurso à Teoria do Comportamento Planeado. O estudo foi desenvolvido com base numa metodologia quantitativa, administrada com recurso a um questionário online, junto de 193 indivíduos pertencentes à Geração Millennial. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a atitude, o controlo e a preocupação são os preditores da intenção de compra de cosmética socialmente responsável e que a RSE é um fator influenciador da intenção de compra dos Millennials portugueses inquiridos no setor da indústria cosmética. Estes resultados têm implicações na atuação empresarial, num contexto onde se assiste à emergência de um mercado consumidor mais consciente e informado, no qual se enquadra a Geração Millennial, e onde os critérios de RSE são considerados no consumo. Tem igualmente implicações na investigação científica sobre a temática em Portugal onde os estudos são ainda relativamente escassos.

Evidence points to the role of the physical environment on patient well-being, but its specific contribution is not clear. Two experimental studies were conducted. First, we investigated the inferences people make about the physical environment given information about the social environment, and vice versa. In six conditions, participants were exposed to information about an inadequate, neutral, or good hospital physical environment; or about a negative, neutral, or positive hospital social environment. Results showed that people associate the quality of hospitals' physical and social environments, and the corresponding expected well-being. Study 2 sought to disentangle the independent effect of the physical and social dimensions. Levels of quality of the physical and social environments were crossed in a 3 × 3 between-subjects design. Results showed that both dimensions have a specific significant effect. In particular, the physical environment seems unable to improve satisfaction when its quality is high but is able to reduce satisfaction when its quality is low.

Résumé L'activité professionnelle de la femme a entraîné de nouvelles exigences au sein de la famille. Concilier les rôles familiaux et professionnels, par exemple, devient un problème plus sensible. Toutefois, pour définir ce qui est acceptable et souhaitable, les couples se réfèrent aux valeurs véhiculées par la société dans laquelle ils vivent, qui elles-mêmes influenceront les rôles et la répartition des tâches au sein de la famille. L'étude présentée ici examine les valeurs partagées par de jeunes couples européens ayant des enfants en bas âge. Elle compare l'adhésion à certaines valeurs culturelles de couples de neuf pays différents : l'Allemagne, l'Autriche, la Belgique, la Finlande, la France, l'Italie, les Pays-Bas, le Portugal et la Suisse. Ces pays se distinguent les uns des autres quant au style de valeurs culturelles dominant – égalitaire ou conservateur – et quant à l'homogénéité de l'adhésion des couples à ces styles culturels. Les couples suisses, allemands et hollandais partagent des styles culturels plus égalitaires, alors que les italiens et les portugais sont plus conservateurs. Les valeurs culturelles partagées par les couples de ces pays sont plus homogènes que celles des couples belges, français, finlandais ou autrichiens. L'analyse de certains facteurs sociaux aide à mieux comprendre ces différences.