Suchergebnisse

The current edition in English language turns into account and completes the studies published in the previous edition. Carrying on the research and publication activities on the topic of corruption is based on its novelty and on the special interest for the Romanian language edition. At the same time, we hope that the current volume will provide greater opportunities for foreign access and thus the admittance in the European and international flows of information in this field. The core ideas of the book focus on social perception, modelled through statistic analyses, on the specificity of corruption in the public administration or the public health system in close correlation to the processes of decentralization and performance of health services. The analysis of the corruption topic is in interference with the effects of the European integration processes, globalization, being correlated to adjacent developments concerning the public integrity, national or regional economic freedom and development. This book represents the result of the scientific collaboration between teams of teaching staff and students from the National School of Political Studies and Public Administration and Academy of Economic Studies, Bucharest. The book is structured on nine chapters, organised according to a didactic logic, in view to provide the reader a profound overview of the mechanisms and methodology of research as well as the conclusions and the economic and social impact of corruption. Data processing in view to estimate the correlations and parameters of regression has been achieved through SPSS and Eviews statistic programs.

International audience ; L'article présente certaines directions de la recherche dans le domaine de l'économie souterraine, basées sur les résultats les plus récents présentés dans la littérature au sujet de sa définition, de sa quantification, de l'identification des causes qui la produisent etc. Cette étude présente une analyse de la causalité entre la taille de l'économie souterraine et le taux de croissance de l'économie formelle en utilisant un test de type Granger à partir de données portant sur 110 pays et qui concernent l'économie souterraine et le taux de croissance annuel de PIB. En utilisant les séries de données de 22 pays en transition nous estimons également les paramètres de certains modèles pour analyser la relation qui existe entre la taille de l'économie souterraine et le taux de croissance de l'économie officielle. Les paramètres de tous les modèles sont estimés en utilisant la méthode des moindres carrés et la méthode des moindres carrés généralisée. Le source de données pour l'analyse de la causalité et pour l'estimation des modèles est Schneider (2005). Schneider, F. (2005) Shadow economies around the world: what do we really know?, European Journal of Political Economy, 21(3), 598-642.

In this paper we propose an inquiry into the patterns of regional specialisation and industrial concentration in Romania during its transition to a market economy (1990–2004). Following an econometric modelling-based approach we demonstrate that the changes in these patterns have been influenced to a large extent by election cycles, and more precisely by changes in the economic policy options determined by the 'colour' of each corresponding government. These findings have an important significance for the postaccession period, suggesting the need for decisions on economic structures to be carefully monitored when a new election cycle is approaching, in order to avoid possible negative consequences for efficiency and integration in EU structures.

The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020.

Background: The rapid spread of COVID-19 renewed the focus on how health systems across the globe are financed, especially during public health emergencies. Development assistance is an important source of health financing in many low-income countries, yet little is known about how much of this funding was disbursed for COVID-19. We aimed to put development assistance for health for COVID-19 in the context of broader trends in global health financing, and to estimate total health spending from 1995 to 2050 and development assistance for COVID-19 in 2020. Methods: We estimated domestic health spending and development assistance for health to generate total health-sector spending estimates for 204 countries and territories. We leveraged data from the WHO Global Health Expenditure Database to produce estimates of domestic health spending. To generate estimates for development assistance for health, we relied on project-level disbursement data from the major international development agencies' online databases and annual financial statements and reports for information on income sources. To adjust our estimates for 2020 to include disbursements related to COVID-19, we extracted project data on commitments and disbursements from a broader set of databases (because not all of the data sources used to estimate the historical series extend to 2020), including the UN Office of Humanitarian Assistance Financial Tracking Service and the International Aid Transparency Initiative. We reported all the historic and future spending estimates in inflation-adjusted 2020 US$, 2020 US$ per capita, purchasing-power parity-adjusted US$ per capita, and as a proportion of gross domestic product. We used various models to generate future health spending to 2050. Findings: In 2019, health spending globally reached $8·8 trillion (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8·7–8·8) or $1132 (1119–1143) per person. Spending on health varied within and across income groups and geographical regions. Of this total, $40·4 billion (0·5%, 95% UI 0·5–0·5) was ...