Suchergebnisse

The contribution deals with issues of taxation of truck traffic in the Czech Republic and European Union countries. The article discusses the current need for the introduction of environmental features aiming at the mitigation of harmful substances emitted into the atmosphere to the system of truck traffic taxation. Within the tax system, we focus on the road tax mechanism, defining only those circumstances that relate to environmental features of the determination of the tax base or tax reliefs dependent on the compliance with the applicable EURO emission standard. The article outlines systems of truck taxation in the European Union member states with focus on the determination of the tax base. The EURO emission standard, which is clearly identified and binding upon all the truck producers at present, has been introduced as the environmental factor related to pollutants emitted to the atmosphere, and it subsequently assumes the role of a "green" feature of the road taxes on trucks in those EU countries which introduced such environmentally friendly aspects. A special section describes systems of road tax with environmental aspects levied on trucks in Bulgaria, Hungary, the Netherlands, Germany, Slovak Republic, Slovenia and Sweden. In conclusion, we mention the necessity of discussion over this topic in the conditions of the Czech Republic and the requirement to regulate the system of road taxes imposed on trucks, calling for reduction of harmful substances generated by traffic.

The article examines issues related to the design of road tax as an instrument supporting the operation of trucks that are more environment-friendly to the transport infrastructure. The Introduction presents analyses of road taxation in the European Union Member States, whose aim was to identify features supporting trucks that are eco-friendly with regard to the infrastructure. The principal part of the contribution is the formulation of a regression model of road tax rates, which is subjected to statistical, econometric and economic verification in order to confirm or disprove degressivity of road tax rates for trucks. The economic verification is based on typical examples of vehicles defined in Annex 2 to the text. The Conclusion presents the results achieved, which verify the degressive nature of road tax in the Czech Republic. The tax rates are degressive in relation to the number of truck axles; therefore, a proposal for the elimination of degressivity in the system of tax rates for trucks was designed based on the principle of fair taxation, which is also discussed in the contribution.

The paper deals with the issue of using a local coefficient as a tool to increase tax revenues of local government budgets in the Czech Republic. The local coefficient is defined as a corrective element increasing up to five times the immovable property tax that is 100% public budgets of local governments (municipalities) since 2009. As part of the paper, our own questionnaire survey was conducted across municipalities in the Czech Republic with the aim of identifying positive and negative consequences of application or non-application of this tax instrument at the level of local governments. Results of the research clearly demonstrate the use of the local coefficient, despite its potential high budget revenue is not high at all. In 2020, only 10.43% municipalities from all over the Czech Republic applied it. A research survey conducted among municipalities focused on obtaining information on the reasons for the low use of the local coefficient. To this end, two research questions were formulated "Do municipalities have sufficient information on local coefficient issues?" and "May the introduction of a local coefficient result in a loss in the communal elections?" The questionnaire survey showed that 91% municipalities know about their possibility to apply a local coefficient, but do not use it. Moreover, it was found that if the local coefficient is introduced at the right time or handling additional tax revenues of the municipality is transparent, its introduction does not affect the election result of the political party that declared it by a generally valid decree. ; OA