Suchergebnisse

No ambiente competitivo atual, as empresas são forçadas a elevar constantemente o grau de competitividade de sua produção e, nesse sentido, a filosofia lean é de grande valia. Entretanto, é escasso na literatura o número de referências que possuam como foco a análise do nível de maturidade de células que operam de acordo com a referida filosofia. Devido à importância dessa temática, o presente artigo tem como objetivo realizar uma revisão da literatura procurando evidenciar quais são os parâmetros relevantes para avaliar a maturidade de células de manufatura que operam segundo a filosofia lean. Para isso, foram analisados diversos artigos e uma lista foi estruturada. Tais parâmetros foram divididos em grupos de acordo com suas similaridades. Entre os parâmetros levantados, destacam-se as ergonomias física e cognitiva e a sustentabilidade. Os parâmetros obtidos como resultado desta pesquisa podem ser utilizados como um ponto de partida para a avaliação de células de manufatura lean.

Purpose
This paper aims to discuss how the theory of complex thinking can be considered an interesting element in engineering education, especially in the context in which challenges toward sustainable development are multidisciplinary.


Design/methodology/approach
This viewpoint synthesizes the main reflections and discussions generated during a process of debate, research and creation of a proposal for an undergraduate engineering course at a higher education institution in Brazil. The literature on engineering education, sustainability and complexity was considered in an integrated way. Debates were conducted considering the authors' knowledge and experience as professors of engineering courses and researchers in the field of sustainability. A qualitative and reflexive approach was used to organize the main discussions.


Findings
The prevailing classical engineering paradigm trains professionals to think from a Cartesian, reductionist perspective, appropriate for solving well-structured problems with known solution paths and convergent answers. However, addressing sustainability challenges requires a different kind of thinking capable of dealing with situations characterized by uncertainty, emergence and incompleteness of knowledge. Complexity thinking can be useful for this purpose as it provides a broad system approach to deal with ill-defined, ill-structured and unpredictable problems. This study can be understood as a call to researchers and professionals to consider the value and importance of complexity thinking to advance engineering education for sustainability.


Originality/value
The need to overcome the limits of the classical engineering paradigm is emphasized in the context of sustainability. Complex thinking is considered as a path toward a paradigm shift in engineering education for sustainability. It can contribute to the training of professionals to face pressing challenges now and in the future. This viewpoint provides some insights to enhance debates on education engineering.

O Lean Manufacturing é uma estratégia de produção aplicada em empresas de diversos segmentos. Seu principal objetivo é reduzir ao máximo os desperdícios a fim de maximizar o lucro. A transição para o referido estágio, entretanto, não é simples e muitas são as barreiras enfrentadas para se alcançar os objetivos supracitados. Nesta trajetória, as empresas apresentarão diferentes estágios de maturidade e a mensuração desta maturidade torna-se importante. Tomando por base as informações mencionadas, o presente artigo tem por objetivo identificar quais são as principais métricas utilizadas por empresas brasileiras na avaliação da maturidade de sistemas lean. Métricas utilizadas em projetos lean foram listadas a partir da literatura e informações sobre a aplicação das mesmas foram levantadas junto a 43 profissionais que participaram de uma survey. Respondentes outliers foram identificados a partir do Escalonamento Multidimensional (EMD) e, na sequência, as métricas foram ordenadas via um mecanismo utilizado pelo software SPSS para combinação linear de variáveis, empregado na Análise Fatorial Exploratória. Os resultados evidenciaram que as métricas mais aplicadas estão relacionadas à produtividade dos funcionários, número de reclamações dos consumidores, tempo de setup, lead times e índice de estoques. Os resultados decorrentes deste estudo poderão ser utilizados por outros pesquisadores em suas futuras pesquisas.

Tendo em vista a competição acirrada presente na economia nos dias atuais e a necessidade crescente de conquistar clientes e mantê-los fiéis, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo aplicar a consagrada Teoria das Filas em uma agência bancária com a finalidade de apontar oportunidades de melhorias no tempo de espera dos clientes, a partir do pressuposto de que as filas analisadas seguem a distribuição de Poisson. Tal pressuposto é decorrente da comparação realizada entre a referida distribuição com os dados de chegada dos clientes em todas as filas analisadas. Constatou-se também a existência de filas com sazonalidade na demanda, enquanto outras apresentaram uma demanda regular. A partir do estudo realizado, melhorias no gerenciamento desta agência bancária poderão ser realizadas como, por exemplo, a realocação de funcionários em determinados períodos para funções com maior demanda. Concluiu-se, portanto, que a aplicação da teoria é viável e que pode auxiliar no aumento das vantagens competitivas da agência

Este artigo tem por objetivo confrontar as principais características administrativas
mencionadas pela literatura com as observadas na prática ao longo da implantação de
programas de melhorias em 9 empresas de micro e pequeno porte do Núcleo de
Desenvolvimento Empresarial de Jundiaí (São Paulo). Ao longo de um ano, os autores deste
artigo observaram por um lado deficiências administrativas como a falta de planejamento
estratégico, a confusão entre a pessoa física do empresário e jurídica da empresa, a relação de
parentesco na atribuição de cargos, tarefas e, por outro, lado pontos positivos como a
flexibilidade, a comunicação efetiva, o contato mais próximo com o cliente, etc. Por meio da
implantação de programas de melhorias, as deficiências foram reduzidas e os pontos fortes
foram aperfeiçoados. O presente trabalho apresenta as características marcantes à maioria das
empresas no início desta implantação e contribui para a literatura do gênero.

PurposeThis research aims to analyse difficulties experienced by Brazilian managers in coordinating teams working from home during the coronavirus disease (2019) COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approachThe methodological strategy used was a survey with 39 managers who led teams working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Seven difficulties indicated by current literature were analysed using a fuzzy scale. First, a hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) approach was used to group managers according to managers' similarities and capacity to infer the difficulties. Responses of each group identified were weighted considering the capacity to assess the theme. In the sequence, data were analysed via frequencies and the fuzzy technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) approach and difficulties were ordered.FindingsComparatively, the main difficulties evidenced are (1) to reconcile personal and professional life tasks in the same place; (2) to motivate collaborators in a period when social isolation affect employee's mental health and (3) to keep team members integrated and working within the activities scope in a virtual environment.Originality/valueThe findings present in this paper contribute to theory and practice. For theory, this article contributes to the knowledge on WFH and leadership, evidencing in a comparatively way the difficulties that are experienced by managers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers in future studies can better analyse these difficulties. For practice, managers who conduct managers' teams remotely can use the information to analyse teams' practices and improve performance critically. This was an atypical moment of humanity, and different aspects need to be considered by managers compared with previous periods.

Purpose
This study aims, from the perspective of the recovery of sustainability, to develop a framework on sustainability and innovation in the formation of engineers in the courses of Engineering in the Brazilian Amazon.


Design/methodology/approach
For this work, a quantitative approach was adopted in the research process. A survey instrument was developed from the main evidence in the literature, the electronic instrument in Google Forms, was sent in the period from November 2022 to February 2023 to engineering students from public institutions in the Brazilian eastern Amazon, who had 80% of the course completed and graduates.


Findings
Of the students and graduates who responded to the survey, 58% are male and 42% female, with an average age of 24 years, 72% who have the 8th semester, 28% graduates. As for the practices, they stand out with the highest average degree of agreement in the innovation aspect formation of partnerships and fostering creativity and innovation; in the sustainability aspect the study of sustainability helps to understand the environmental, social and economic challenges and importance of training for sustainability and innovation; in the sustainable recovery aspect, the interaction between university and local community and new research can contribute to the recovery of sustainability and in the SDGs 6 and 8.


Originality/value
This paper presents the perceptions of engineering students and graduates from the Brazilian Amazon, which is considered one of the most strategic regions for the country and internationally in terms of environmental challenges. The main evidence shows that there is a need to adapt academic curricula, seeking to focus on projects that promote participation and the creation of trends aimed at social problems and the current demands of the society in which they are inserted.

Purpose
The inclusion of sustainability in higher education courses has been debated in recent decades and has gained particular emphasis throughout the COVID-19. This paper aims to show how the context of the pandemic, which demanded the transition from in-person classes to virtual classes, was used to illustrate better the concepts of life cycle assessment (LCA) for Production Engineering students in a Brazilian University.


Design/methodology/approach
The research strategy used was action research. Throughout the discipline offering, the environmental impacts resulting from in-person and remote classes were comparatively assessed through a practical activity using LCA. Students' behaviour and perception of the activities were recorded by the professor and discussed with the other researchers on the team. At the end of the course, students answered a questionnaire to assess their satisfaction with different aspects of the discipline, and these data were analysed via Fuzzy Delphi.


Findings
The results focus on discussing the pedagogical aspects of this experience and not the environmental impacts resulting from each class modality. It was possible to notice a greater engagement of students when using a project that directly involved their daily activities (food, transportation, use of electronics, etc.) compared to the traditional approach of teaching LCA concepts. In this traditional approach, the examples focussed on the industrial sector, a more distant context from the reality of most students. Student feedback demonstrated great acceptance by them regarding the approach adopted.


Originality/value
This study contributes to expanding debates about sustainability insertion in higher education and the training of professionals more aligned with the sustainable development agenda.

PurposeConsidering the requirements of sustainable development regarding professionals training and the challenges evidenced during Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, this study aims to contribute to the debates regarding the need to insert sustainability into engineering education in the current context.Design/methodology/approachFor this, the literature about sustainability in engineering education was considered, and the need for sustainability insertion in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic was debated. It is important to emphasize that this debate was based on the authors' experience regarding sustainability research and teaching.FindingsThe current moment unveiled companies' financial management problems, constantly evidenced by media. In this sense, the interest of engineering students in business management may lead them to believe that companies' survival depends only on financial aspects, neglecting environmental and social aspects. This study is characterized as a reminder to academic staff in the field of engineering to continue valuing the principles of sustainable development with their students during the COVID-19 pandemic.Originality/valueThe need to make engineering students understand the importance of social projects in the current period is emphasized. The training of professionals to consider all the sustainability aspects even during crisis moments is evidenced now and should be used as a learning lesson for the future.

AbstractSupply chain sustainability is now an imperative, particularly considering the circular supply chain (CSC) paradigm, which offers opportunities for performance improvement. Thus, it is possible to infer that there is a causal link between circularity and supply chain performance. However, the analysis of this relationship occurs under subjective perspectives. To computationally process human language can overcome this issue. Hence, this paper aims to propose an approach for assessing the influence of circular economy (CE) implementation principles on supply chain performance using the fuzzy cognitive map (FCM), a well‐established soft computing technique. The study develops a computational model and brings an illustrative application. Methodologically, is model‐based, quantitative, axiomatic and descriptive. It contributes by providing means to support the formulation of strategies for aligning CE implementation efforts with supply chain performance improvement efforts. The FCM visually represents how supply chain performance attributes are influenced by CE principles, supporting informed decision‐making towards circularity.

PurposeJunior enterprises have been gaining increasing attention in the Brazilian Higher Education Institutions. In addition, these companies are contributing to enhance the training of future professionals. Improvements in future professionals' training must consider education for sustainability. In this context, this paper aims to critically analyze the role of junior enterprises in the training of undergraduate students in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs).Design/methodology/approachTo discuss the ways for junior enterprises to contribute to students' training with a higher alignment with sustainable development, it is necessary to know the routine of their activities well. Therefore, the strategy used in this research was to use the Delphi process with students who participated/participate in this kind of extracurricular activity in their institutions and are familiar with the SDGs disseminated by the United Nations.FindingsFrom the rounds of Delphi method debates, eight items were listed and presented an agreement greater than 50% of the participants. Illustratively, three of them are cited here: most participants understand that some current metrics used by junior enterprises require greater alignment with the SDGs; most participants agree that junior enterprises need to better monitor the results of their postexecution projects because in general beneficial impacts on sustainability are observed in the long term; and most of the participants understand that the actions developed by junior enterprises are aligned with corporate sustainability and conscious capitalism.Originality/valueThe contribution of junior enterprises to the promotion of sustainability education is practically not addressed in the literature. The findings presented here, resulting from the Delphi process, can greatly contribute for junior enterprises to rethink their actions to better prepare future professionals to act toward sustainable development.