Suchergebnisse

Dosadašnja istraživanja pokazuju da suradnja u istraživanjima između znanosti i industrije može biti snažan izvor inovacija i čimbenik koji pridonosi uspješnosti u inovacijama i ekonomskom rastu. Iako brojne mjere javnih politika i inicijative potiču zajednička istraživanja akademske zajednice i industrije, njihov potencijal još nije primjereno iskorišten. Ovaj rad daje pregled postojeće literature o suradnji u istraživanju između znanosti i industrije. Rad analizira i diskutira motive i druge čimbenike koji utječu na suradnju i identificira ograničenja zajedničkom istraživanju s aspekta poduzeća i javnih istraživačkih institucija. Na temelju pregleda literature izvode se preporuke za inovacijske politike. ; Existing research indicates that science-industry collaborative research might be a powerful source of innovation and an important factor of high innovation performance and economic growth. Although a number of public policy initiatives promote collaborative research, its potential is still not being adequately reached. This paper presents a review of existing literature on science-industry collaborative research. It elaborates and discusses motives and determinants of collaborative research, and identifies obstacles to joint science-industry research, from both the companies' and public research organizations' perspective. Based on the literature review, the paper provides recommendations for innovation policies.

This paper investigates the impact of economic integrations on entrepreneurial outcomes. The study bridges a gap between the literature on entrepreneurship and trade by exploring how international trade and global value chain (GVC) integration influence the share of start-ups and high-growth firms in manufacturing industries in eleven Central and Eastern European (CEE) member states of the European Union (EU) during the 2011-2016 period. Exports, imports and forward GVC participation increase the share of start-ups and high-growth firms and these effects are evident in low and high technology intensive industries. The effects of trade and GVC integration are more pronounced among the first group of CEE that joined the EU than among latecomers.

This study explores the perceptions of members of 13 competitiveness clusters in Croatia (CCC) towards clusters' objectives, processes, setting and performance. Survey data (n=250) were analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis. Results indicate that progress of CCCs is not visible in the observed period and they are lagging behind successful cluster initiatives in the world. The most important reasons for underperformance are related to weaknesses inherited in cluster development framework, poor implementation of activities, inadequate resources for pursuing more ambitious objectives, lack of consensus and weaknesses in strategy formulation. The paper contributes to the literature by evaluating the program of competitiveness clusters for the first time. It examines the factors that contribute to performance of clusters, and compares CCCs with best practices of similar associations in the world. Although this research is based on perceptions of members, it has valuable implications for clusters and policy-makers. In order to strengthen existing clusters, changes in the national framework are needed, while clusters should have more resources at their disposal to reach more ambitious objectives in the future.

This study explores the perceptions of members of 13 competitiveness clusters in Croatia (CCC) towards clusters' objectives, processes, setting and performance. Survey data (n=250) were analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis. Results indicate that progress of CCCs is not visible in the observed period and they are lagging behind successful cluster initiatives in the world. The most important reasons for underperformance are related to weaknesses inherited in cluster development framework, poor implementation of activities, inadequate resources for pursuing more ambitious objectives, lack of consensus and weaknesses in strategy formulation. The paper contributes to the literature by evaluating the program of competitiveness clusters for the first time. It examines the factors that contribute to performance of clusters, and compares CCCs with best practices of similar associations in the world. Although this research is based on perceptions of members, it has valuable implications for clusters and policy-makers. In order to strengthen existing clusters, changes in the national framework are needed, while clusters should have more resources at their disposal to reach more ambitious objectives in the future. ; Rad istražuje percepcije članova 13 klastera konkurentnosti u Hrvatskoj o ciljevima, procesima, okruženju i učincima klastera. Podaci iz uzorka (n=250) analizirani su metodama deskriptivne statistike, eksplorativnom faktorskom analizom i regresijom. Rezultati pokazuju da napredak klastera konkurentnosti nije dovoljno vidljiv u promatranom razdoblju i da klasteri konkurentnosti zaostaju za uspješnim klasterima u svijetu. Među čimbenicima koji objašnjavaju nepovoljne rezultate su neodgovarajući modeli razvoja klastera, neučinkovita implementacija aktivnosti, nedostatak konsenzusa i nedostaci u formuliranim strategijama. Ovo istraživanje pridonosi literaturi tako što analizira program klastera konkurentnosti po prvi puta. Jednako tako, istraživanje istražuje čimbenike koji pridonose rezultatima klastera i uspoređuje prakse klastera konkurentnosti u Hrvatskoj s najboljom praksom sličnih asocijacija u svijetu. Iako se ovo istraživanje temelji na percepcijama članova, ono ima značajne implikacije za klastere i nositelje politike. Da bi ojačali postojeći klasteri, potrebne su promjene u nacionalnom sustavu, dok bi klasteri morali imati više resursa na raspolaganju kako bi u budućnosti ostvarivali ambicioznije ciljeve.

This study explores the perceptions of members of 13 competitiveness clusters in Croatia (CCC) towards clusters' objectives, processes, setting and performance. Survey data (n=250) were analysed using descriptive statistics, exploratory factor analysis and regression analysis. Results indicate that progress of CCCs is not visible in the observed period and they are lagging behind successful cluster initiatives in the world. The most important reasons for underperformance are related to weaknesses inherited in cluster development framework, poor implementation of activities, inadequate resources for pursuing more ambitious objectives, lack of consensus and weaknesses in strategy formulation. The paper contributes to the literature by evaluating the program of competitiveness clusters for the first time. It examines the factors that contribute to performance of clusters, and compares CCCs with best practices of similar associations in the world. Although this research is based on perceptions of members, it has valuable implications for clusters and policy-makers. In order to strengthen existing clusters, changes in the national framework are needed, while clusters should have more resources at their disposal to reach more ambitious objectives in the future. ; Rad istražuje percepcije članova 13 klastera konkurentnosti u Hrvatskoj o ciljevima, procesima, okruženju i učincima klastera. Podaci iz uzorka (n=250) analizirani su metodama deskriptivne statistike, eksplorativnom faktorskom analizom i regresijom. Rezultati pokazuju da napredak klastera konkurentnosti nije dovoljno vidljiv u promatranom razdoblju i da klasteri konkurentnosti zaostaju za uspješnim klasterima u svijetu. Među čimbenicima koji objašnjavaju nepovoljne rezultate su neodgovarajući modeli razvoja klastera, neučinkovita implementacija aktivnosti, nedostatak konsenzusa i nedostaci u formuliranim strategijama. Ovo istraživanje pridonosi literaturi tako što analizira program klastera konkurentnosti po prvi puta. Jednako tako, istraživanje istražuje čimbenike koji pridonose rezultatima klastera i uspoređuje prakse klastera konkurentnosti u Hrvatskoj s najboljom praksom sličnih asocijacija u svijetu. Iako se ovo istraživanje temelji na percepcijama članova, ono ima značajne implikacije za klastere i nositelje politike. Da bi ojačali postojeći klasteri, potrebne su promjene u nacionalnom sustavu, dok bi klasteri morali imati više resursa na raspolaganju kako bi u budućnosti ostvarivali ambicioznije ciljeve.

Svrha ovog istraživanja jest primijeniti Hofstedeov upitnik nacionalne kulture u Hrvatskoj i istražiti regionalne razlike u stavovima hrvatskih građana o dimenzijama nacionalne kulture: distanca moći, individualizam, maskulinitet, izbjegavanje nesigurnosti i dugoročna orijentacija. Na temelju ankete velikog uzorka građana u Hrvatskoj (N = 1500) analiziraju se vrijednosti za pet dimenzija na nacionalnoj razini i na razini regija. Ovo istraživanje pridonosi Hofstedeovoj teoriji kulture istraživanjem na cijeloj populaciji i time što se analiziraju regionalne razlike. Rezultati pokazuju da hrvatsku nacionalnu kulturu obilježava niža razina distance moći, umjereno viša razina individualizma, niska razina maskuliniteta i niža razina dugoročne orijentacije, što su sve karakteristike razvijenih zemalja. Čini se da je ubrzani proces globalizacije pridonio konvergenciji stavova građana i njihovu približavanju stavovima građana u razvijenim zemljama. Međutim, indeks izbjegavanja nesigurnosti visok je, što je karakteristika posttranzicijskih zemalja. Analiza na regionalnoj razini pokazuje da je Hrvatska homogena što se tiče stavova građana o dimenzijama kulture. Koristeći se dimenzijama nacionalne kulture u Hrvatskoj, provedena je klasterska analiza koja je pokazala razlike između klastera prema dobi i spolu te da nema značajnih razlika s obzirom na obrazovanje ispitanika. U radu se obrazlažu implikacije ovog istraživanja za menadžere i nositelje javne politike. ; The purpose of this paper is to apply Hofstede's value survey in Croatia and examine regional differences in the cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. Based on the large national survey data (N = 1,500), the scores for five dimensions were analysed at the national and sub- -national regional levels. This study contributes to Hofstede's theory of culture by using the general population sample and examining regional differences. The results show that Croatia scores lower on power distance, is a moderately high individualistic country, has a tendency towards "feminine" culture and has a lower level of long-term orientation, which are all characteristics of developed countries. However, the value of uncertainty avoidance is high, which is a characteristic of post-transition economies. The analysis at regional level in Croatia reveals that Croatia is homogeneous with respect to Hofstede's dimensions of national culture. The cluster analysis was performed using dimensions of national culture for Croatia. Among the identified clusters differences exist in gender and age, while there are no significant differences related to the level of education. Implications for managers and policy makers are discussed in the paper.

The purpose of this paper is to apply Hofstede's value survey in Croatia and examine regional differences in the cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation. Based on the large national survey data (N = 1,500), the scores for five dimensions were analysed at the national and sub- -national regional levels. This study contributes to Hofstede's theory of culture by using the general population sample and examining regional differences. The results show that Croatia scores lower on power distance, is a moderately high individualistic country, has a tendency towards "feminine" culture and has a lower level of long-term orientation, which are all characteristics of developed countries. However, the value of uncertainty avoidance is high, which is a characteristic of post-transition economies. The analysis at regional level in Croatia reveals that Croatia is homogeneous with respect to Hofstede's dimensions of national culture. The cluster analysis was performed using dimensions of national culture for Croatia. Among the identified clusters differences exist in gender and age, while there are no significant differences related to the level of education. Implications for managers and policy makers are discussed in the paper. ; Svrha ovog istraživanja jest primijeniti Hofstedeov upitnik nacionalne kulture u Hrvatskoj i istražiti regionalne razlike u stavovima hrvatskih građana o dimenzijama nacionalne kulture: distanca moći, individualizam, maskulinitet, izbjegavanje nesigurnosti i dugoročna orijentacija. Na temelju ankete velikog uzorka građana u Hrvatskoj (N = 1500) analiziraju se vrijednosti za pet dimenzija na nacionalnoj razini i na razini regija. Ovo istraživanje pridonosi Hofstedeovoj teoriji kulture istraživanjem na cijeloj populaciji i time što se analiziraju regionalne razlike. Rezultati pokazuju da hrvatsku nacionalnu kulturu obilježava niža razina distance moći, umjereno viša razina individualizma, niska razina maskuliniteta i niža razina dugoročne orijentacije, što su sve karakteristike razvijenih zemalja. Čini se da je ubrzani proces globalizacije pridonio konvergenciji stavova građana i njihovu približavanju stavovima građana u razvijenim zemljama. Međutim, indeks izbjegavanja nesigurnosti visok je, što je karakteristika posttranzicijskih zemalja. Analiza na regionalnoj razini pokazuje da je Hrvatska homogena što se tiče stavova građana o dimenzijama kulture. Koristeći se dimenzijama nacionalne kulture u Hrvatskoj, provedena je klasterska analiza koja je pokazala razlike između klastera prema dobi i spolu te da nema značajnih razlika s obzirom na obrazovanje ispitanika. U radu se obrazlažu implikacije ovog istraživanja za menadžere i nositelje javne politike.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate decision‐making styles of young consumers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. It aims to test the applicability of Sproles and Kendall's Consumer Style Inventory (CSI). The paper also aims to segment young consumers based on their decision‐making styles (CDMS), profile consumer segments, and explore differences in gender and household income among segments.Design/methodology/approachData were collected by means of a self‐administered survey. The sample consists of 600 young consumers from 18‐24 years of age, students from two large universities in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were analyzed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficients; K‐means cluster analysis, Chi‐square test, and two‐proportion z‐test.FindingsFactor analysis identified 20 items and six CDMS factor solution. The results further indicate that young consumers in Bosnia and Herzegovina might be classified in five segments according to their decision‐making styles. Young males were shown to be impartial, middle ground consumers, while females were more hedonistic‐oriented consumers. There were no significant differences in household income among segments.Originality/valueThe paper provides an empirical evidence of applicability of Sproles and Kendall's CSI instrument in the case of young consumers in developing transitional economy. The study shows that the CSI instrument might be used as a tool for segmenting and profiling young consumers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and thus it enriches CDMS literature.

The paper aims to identify factors that are behind superior performance of manufacturing firms. It compares the similarities and differences in ten selected firms' characteristics and strategic factors between high performers and low performers operating in the Croatian manufacturing industry. The hypotheses were tested with data obtained from company survey. The data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The research results indicate that high performers were smaller and younger companies with higher level of capital intensity. They invested signifi cantly more in marketing. As compared to low performers, high performers had ower total labor expenses, but paid out higher gross wages per employee. Lower debt ratio was associated with higher level of performance. The findings further show that high performers exhibited higher productivity level than low performers. Finally, the paper discusses implications of fi ndings for industrial policy and manufacturing strategy. ; U ovome radu autori analiziraju čimbenike uspješnosti poduzeća. Uspoređuju se profitabilna i neprofi tabilna poduzeća u prerađivačkoj industriji u Hrvatskoj u odnosu na deset odabranih karakteristika poduzeća i strategijskih čimbenika. Hipoteze su testirane s podacima koji su prikupljeni anketnim istraživanjem poduzeća. Prikupljeni podaci analizirani su metodom analize varijance (ANOVA). Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da su profitabilna poduzeća ona poduzeća koja su manja po veličini, mlađa po godinama poslovanja, jednako kao i ona poduzeća koja imaju višu razinu kapitalne intenzivnosti. Profitabilna poduzeća ulažu više u marketing. Ona imaju manji ukupan trošak radne snage, ali ujedno i isplaćuju veće bruto plaće po zaposlenom u usporedbi s neprofitabilnim poduzećima. Niža razina zaduženosti poduzeća također je važan čimbenik profitabilnosti poduzeća. Rezultati istraživanja dalje pokazuju da profitabilna poduzeća imaju višu razinu proizvodnosti rada u usporedbi s neprofitabilnim poduzećima. U radu se predlažu koristi rezultata istraživanja za industrijsku politiku i strategiju poduzeća u prerađivačkoj industriji.

The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of various antecedents and behavioural consequences of consumers' perceptions of time spent on shopping for clothing products. Examined antecedent variables are gender, age, income, fashion consciousness and visual merchandising, while outcomes include the number of clothing items purchased. The data, collected by consumer survey in Croatia, was analysed using exploratory and confi rmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modelling (SEM). The major fi ndings indicate that visual merchandising has the greatest and positive effect on time spent shopping. As expected, women and younger consumers spend more time shopping than men and older consumers. As for the outcomes, shopping time is positively related to consumer purchases. The study was conducted at a single point in time and was carried out while there was still crisis in Croatia, in a situation where consumers spend less on fashion products. The present study provides the insights into the determinantsand consequences of time expenditure and might help fashion retailers design more successfully retailing strategies to encourage consumers to spend more time on shopping in fashion stores, which in turn leads to higher sales.

Online privatnost je prepoznata kao važan čimbenik rasta digitalne ekonomije. Iako nova informatička i komunikacijska tehnologija znatno mijenja poslovnu praksu i nudi nove poslovne mogućnosti, ona također utječe na zabrinutost potrošača za njihovu online privatnost. Glavno pitanje je kako smanjiti zabrinutost za online privatnost i povećati povjerenje potrošača u interakciji s poduzećima u online okruženju. Ovo istraživanje je usmjereno prema identificiranju ključnih čimbenika koji utječu na zabrinutost potrošača za online privatnost i na utjecaj te zabrinutosti na ponašanje potrošača. Podaci prikupljeni anketiranjem studenata analizirani su primjenom eksplorativne i konfirmativne faktorske analize, i modeliranjem strukturnih jednadžbi. Rezultati pokazuju da oznake osiguranja od rizika, prethodno iskustvo na Internetu, vrijeme koje se provede na Internetu i spol statistički značajno utječu na zabrinutost za privatnost, dok se stavovi potrošača prema marketingu odnosa s potrošačima i dohodak nisu pokazali statistički značajnima. Prilikom kreiranja politike zaštite privatnosti, poduzeća bi trebala uzeti u obzir ove čimbenike kako bi se smanjila zabrinutost potrošača za privatnost i povećale kupnje preko Interneta. U radu se diskutiraju implikacije ovog istraživanja za menadžment. ; Online privacy concerns have been recognised as an important driver of the growth of digital economy. Although new information and communication technologies are changing business practices significantly and offer new business opportunities, they also raise online privacy concerns. Major issue is to determine how to decrease online privacy concerns and increase consumer confidence in interacting with companies in the online environment. This research seeks to identify influential factors that affect online privacy concerns and their consequences for consumer behaviour. The data collected from student sample were analysed by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modelling. Results indicate that third-party seal assurance, previous online experience, time spent online and gender significantly affect privacy concerns, while consumer attitudes towards relationship marketing and income were not shown to have significant impact. When designing privacy policy, marketers should take into consideration those factors to alleviate privacy concerns, which will in turn increase purchases over the Internet. Managerial implications are discussed in the paper.

Online privacy concerns have been recognised as an important driver of the growth of digital economy. Although new information and communication technologies are changing business practices significantly and offer new business opportunities, they also raise online privacy concerns. Major issue is to determine how to decrease online privacy concerns and increase consumer confidence in interacting with companies in the online environment. This research seeks to identify influential factors that affect online privacy concerns and their consequences for consumer behaviour. The data collected from student sample were analysed by using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and structural equation modelling. Results indicate that third-party seal assurance, previous online experience, time spent online and gender significantly affect privacy concerns, while consumer attitudes towards relationship marketing and income were not shown to have significant impact. When designing privacy policy, marketers should take into consideration those factors to alleviate privacy concerns, which will in turn increase purchases over the Internet. Managerial implications are discussed in the paper. ; Online privatnost je prepoznata kao važan čimbenik rasta digitalne ekonomije. Iako nova informatička i komunikacijska tehnologija znatno mijenja poslovnu praksu i nudi nove poslovne mogućnosti, ona također utječe na zabrinutost potrošača za njihovu online privatnost. Glavno pitanje je kako smanjiti zabrinutost za online privatnost i povećati povjerenje potrošača u interakciji s poduzećima u online okruženju. Ovo istraživanje je usmjereno prema identificiranju ključnih čimbenika koji utječu na zabrinutost potrošača za online privatnost i na utjecaj te zabrinutosti na ponašanje potrošača. Podaci prikupljeni anketiranjem studenata analizirani su primjenom eksplorativne i konfirmativne faktorske analize, i modeliranjem strukturnih jednadžbi. Rezultati pokazuju da oznake osiguranja od rizika, prethodno iskustvo na Internetu, vrijeme koje se provede na Internetu i spol statistički značajno utječu na zabrinutost za privatnost, dok se stavovi potrošača prema marketingu odnosa s potrošačima i dohodak nisu pokazali statistički značajnima. Prilikom kreiranja politike zaštite privatnosti, poduzeća bi trebala uzeti u obzir ove čimbenike kako bi se smanjila zabrinutost potrošača za privatnost i povećale kupnje preko Interneta. U radu se diskutiraju implikacije ovog istraživanja za menadžment.

Purpose
This paper aims to explore buying decision factors and approaches of companies operating in manufacturing industry in Croatia.


Design/methodology/approach
The data collected by company survey were analysed using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, cluster analysis and cross-tabulation analysis.


Findings
Results show that manufacturers are influenced by six distinctive factors when making purchasing decisions. These are supplier's flexibility, supplier's reliability, interdepartmental communication, top management support, routine purchases and buyer's price sensitivity. Manufacturers can be classified in four different groups according to their buying decision-making patterns.


Practical implications
This paper provides a set of factors and approaches which might help selling companies and sales representatives understand the purchasing practices of buying company better, and develop adaptive selling approaches accordingly.


Originality/value
Based on a literature review and field research, an instrument of organizational buying behaviour was developed and tested in the Croatian manufacturing industry. The factors of organizational buying behaviour patterns were identified, and the typology of buying decision approaches applicable for manufacturing industry was developed.