Suchergebnisse

The article examines the emergence, development and current legal regulation of the sale and purchase agreement, and reveals the place of sale of quotas for greenhouse gas emissions in the system of civil contracts. The character of the sale of emission quotas between states is considered, as well as the legal nature of the quota sale (carbon units) contract in the framework of national jurisdictions. The authors conclude that the term "quota" means a quantitative limitation of greenhouse gas (G.H.G.) emissions, which should be understood as gaseous waste (G.W.), which has not received clear regulation in the national (Russian) law. Recognition of G.W. as a kind of industrial waste will make it possible to better understand and explain its legal nature, and directly the alienation of a certain amount (quota) of G.W. within the framework of civil legislation is the conclusion of a contract of sale of property rights belonging to the owner of G.W. to another business entity for a fee and for a certain period.

The article proves that violations of the human right to drinking water that is safe for health occur not only in countries of the "Third World" but also in economically prosperous countries, including the USA, which is clearly shown by the case of Flint, Michigan. The purpose of the study is to prove that this problem is complex and should be addressed in the context of a number of economic, political and social factors. Such research methods as comparative legal analysis, synthesis, analysis, formal-logical and other methods of scientific research have been employed within the study conducted. The article presents the results of a review of the quality of drinking water supply in the city of flint, which showed that the best way to prevent such environmental crises is to address the issues of poverty, which causes drug addiction, unemployment, and a high level of violent crime caused by the economic downturn in the corresponding area (region). The authors prove that similar problems exist in Russia, where a number of small depressive cities and villages have similar problems. The final conclusion of the authors is that both in Russia and in the United States, providing the population with quality drinking water is impossible outside the context of solving economic and social issues, and one of the tools that allow us to get closer to solving these problems is the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGS) proposed in 2015 by the United Nations. ; El artículo demuestra que las violaciones del derecho humano al agua potable no solo ocurren en países del «tercer mundo», sino también en países económicamente prósperos, incluido Estados Unidos, como lo demostró claramente el caso de Flint (Michigan). El objetivo del estudio es demostrar que el problema es complejo y debe abordarse en el contexto de una serie de factores económicos, políticos y sociales. En el estudio se utilizaron métodos de investigación tales como análisis comparativos, síntesis, lógica formal y otros métodos de investigación científica. En el artículo se examinan los problemas de calidad del agua potable en la ciudad de Flint, que demuestran que la mejor manera de prevenir esas crisis ambientales es abordar la pobreza, la drogadicción, el desempleo y los altos índices de delincuencia violenta causados por la recesión económica en el lugar (región) correspondiente. Los autores demuestran que existen problemas similares en Rusia, donde existen problemas similares en varias ciudades y pueblos pequeños y deprimidos. La conclusión final de los autores es que, tanto en Rusia como en los Estados Unidos, el suministro de agua potable de calidad no es posible fuera del contexto de las cuestiones económicas y sociales, y uno de los instrumentos para abordar estas cuestiones es el logro de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) propuestos por las Naciones Unidas en 2015.

The paper studies the legal enforced emergence of private and public title of compulsory origin to land plots in the Russian Federation which is not typical for the European legal practice. The authors examine the causes and consequences of its appearance and note that this is due to the national specifics of Russia's transition to a market economy and a rule-of-law state. The article analyzes legal procedures for the forced reissuance of the right of permanent (unlimited) property use, the emergence of the right of common share ownership of citizens who are the owners of a premises (apartments) in multi-family residential house, the forced transfer to public property of heirless estate, redistribution of landed property among different levels of public authority, transfer of a land lot which cannot by law belong to a citizen or a legal entity to public property, as well as a number of others issues.

The authors believe that the legal practice of the compulsory emergency of the right to own land plots is in many respects a necessary condi-tion for securing important public interests which is inadmissibility of the existence of an ownerless estate where condition may threaten life, health and other legally protected goods, the invasion of land in civil circulation, attraction of additional financial resources to the Federal, regional and municipal budgets through the collection of land tax (or rent payment in the case of forcing the owner of the property to include a joint leasehold agreement).

The article deals with the main provisions of the concept of circular economy in the context of political, educational, legal and other transformations without which achievement of the set goals is impossible. The authors pay special attention to analysis of the legal mechanism of achieving the goals and objectives in the area of reducing the volume of waste produced in the country, creating conditions for development of technologies for its treatment and reuse. This requires formation of the new legal category of "environmental entrepreneurship", along with establishment of the system of incentives, permissions, restrictions and prohibitions aimed at a radical change of the existing model of waste management in legal acts of the system. Development of this legal institution will lead to adjustment of a number of civil agreements, including further development of environmental insurance and environmental audit agreements.

The article proves that the existing threats to coastal marine areas that are notable for significant vulnerability to human activity require changes in Russian water legislation, which must introduce the category "coastal territories" and clarify the regime of permissions, restrictions and prohibitions within them. This will make it possible to more effectively regulate the economic, environmental and social aspects of the use and protection of the marine environment and coastal areas. For Russian water law, a number of legal structures that are successfully used in Polish water law are of interest, including the allocation of two zones with special legal regime on the coast, environmental planning of the use and protection of the coast and sea waters, as well as a set of measures to ensure sustainable development of coastal areas. ; Članak dokazuje kako su postojeće prijetnje priobalnom morskom području značajne zbog ranjivosti ljudske aktivnosti te traže promjene u ruskom pomorskom zakonodavstvu koje mora uvesti kategoriju "priobalnih područja" i unutar njega pojasniti režim dozvola, ograničenja i zabrana. To će omogućiti učinkovitiju regulaciju ekonomskih, okolišnih i društvenih aspekata korištenja i zaštite morskog okoliša i priobalnih područja. Za rusko pomorsko pravo od interesa je određeni broj pravnih struktura koje su uspješno implementirane u poljsko pomorsko zakonodavstvo, uključujući alokaciju dviju zona u posebnom pravnom režimu na obali, planiranje korištenja i zaštite priobalja i morskih voda, kao i set mjera koje osiguravaju održiv razvoj priobalnih područja.

The article deals with the main provisions of the concept of circular economy in the context of political, educational, legal and other transformations without which achievement of the set goals is impossible. The authors pay special attention to analysis of the legal mechanism of achieving the goals and objectives in the area of reducing the volume of waste produced in the country, creating conditions for development of technologies for its treatment and reuse. This requires formation of the new legal category of "environmental entrepreneurship", along with establishment of the system of incentives, permissions, restrictions and prohibitions aimed at a radical change of the existing model of waste management in legal acts of the system. Development of this legal institution will lead to adjustment of a number of civil agreements, including further development of environmental insurance and environmental audit agreements.

The article proves that the existing threats to coastal marine areas that are notable for significant vulnerability to human activity require changes in Russian water legislation, which must introduce the category "coastal territories" and clarify the regime of permissions, restrictions and prohibitions within them. This will make it possible to more effectively regulate the economic, environmental and social aspects of the use and protection of the marine environment and coastal areas. For Russian water law, a number of legal structures that are successfully used in Polish water law are of interest, including the allocation of two zones with special legal regime on the coast, environmental planning of the use and protection of the coast and sea waters, as well as a set of measures to ensure sustainable development of coastal areas. ; Članak dokazuje kako su postojeće prijetnje priobalnom morskom području značajne zbog ranjivosti ljudske aktivnosti te traže promjene u ruskom pomorskom zakonodavstvu koje mora uvesti kategoriju "priobalnih područja" i unutar njega pojasniti režim dozvola, ograničenja i zabrana. To će omogućiti učinkovitiju regulaciju ekonomskih, okolišnih i društvenih aspekata korištenja i zaštite morskog okoliša i priobalnih područja. Za rusko pomorsko pravo od interesa je određeni broj pravnih struktura koje su uspješno implementirane u poljsko pomorsko zakonodavstvo, uključujući alokaciju dviju zona u posebnom pravnom režimu na obali, planiranje korištenja i zaštite priobalja i morskih voda, kao i set mjera koje osiguravaju održiv razvoj priobalnih područja. ; In diesem Beitrag wird aufgezeigt, dass die vorhandene Gefährdung der Küstengebiete durch menschliche Tätigkeit verschlimmert wurde, weshalb für die Änderung der russischen Gesetzgebung durch die Einführung der Kategorie der "Küstengebiete" mit einem klarstrukturierten System der Genehmigungen, Beschränkungen und Untersagungen plädiert wird. Dies wird eine wirksame Regulierung der wirtschaftlichen, umweltbetreffenden und Gesellschaftsaspekte und Schutz der Meeresumgebung und Küstengewässergebiete zur Folge haben. Für das russische Seerecht sind einige Regelungen die in der polnischen Seegesetzgebung erfolgreich implementiert wurden besonders interessant, einschließlich der Allokation von zwei Zonen im Sonderregime an der Küste, Planung der Nutzung und Schutz der Küsten- und Meeresgewässer, sowie eine Reihe von Maßnahmen die nachhaltige Entwicklung der Küstengewässergebiete gewährleisten. ; Quest'articolo prova che le esistenti minacce che rendono vulnerabili le aree marine costiere causate dalle attività umane richiedono cambiamenti nella legislazione russa sulle acque, la quale dovrebbe introdurre la categoria dei "territori costieri" e fare chiarezza sul regime dei permessi, delle restrizioni e dei divieti entro di essi. Questo creerà le condizioni per regolare più efficacemente l'economia, gli aspetti ambientali e sociali dell'uso e della protezione degli ambienti marini e delle aree costiere. Per il diritto russo sulle acque, un numero di strutture legali che sono usate con successo nel diritto polacco sulle acque sono di interesse, comprese l'allocazione delle due zone con un regime giuridico speciale sulla costa, la pianificazione ambientale dell'uso e della protezione della costa e delle acque marine, come anche una serie di misure per assicurare uno sviluppo sostenibile dell'area costiera.

Sur la base de matériaux théoriques et empiriques, les auteurs de cet article prouvent que l'indemnisation des dommages causés à la vie, à la santé et aux biens des citoyens par des animaux sauvages est un sujet très préoccupant en Russie. À la lumière de cette analyse, il est établi que la propriété d'État des animaux sauvages et les autorités responsables de la gestion des ressources fauniques en Russie sont étroitement liées. C'est pourquoi il est souhaitable de légiférer pour que la Fédération de Russie indemnise le préjudice causé à la vie, à la santé et aux biens des citoyens par des animaux sauvages. Nous suggérons donc de reconnaître les animaux sauvages comme une source de risque accru et de recréer le système de fonds pour l'environnement qui existait en Russie de 1991 à 2001.

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to classify and study the features of the types of non-standard marriages existing in Russia (de facto, sham, same-sex marriages), in order to adjust their legal regulation by the state.Design/methodology/approachThe authors of the article examined the theoretical and practical problems of state recognition and regulation of non-standard marriages not recognized by the state, and justified a new strategy of support (in the case of de facto marriages) or counteraction (in the case of sham marriages) of these social phenomena by the state and law. In the light of the negative attitude of Russian citizens to same-sex marriages, the possibility of their support in the future is justified.FindingsHaving studied three types of non-standard marriages, the authors substantiate the need for a different approach of the state to further legal regulation of these social phenomena. It is proved, that in relation to same-sex marriages, the existing non-recognition and negative attitude of the legislator and society in Russia to their legalization will last until the attitude towards sexual minorities in general, changes in Russian society. De facto marriages should be introduced into the legal field, they should be given a normative definition and outline the general legal framework of the rights of de facto spouses and their children. As for sham marriages, it is proposed to consider the lack of intention to create a family and the selfish interest to be their main features pursued by one or both spouses entering into a sham marriage.Originality/valueThe originality and value of the research is stipulated by the consideration of the legal regulation of marriage and family issues in the historical context of the development of the Russian state, as well as the evolution of ideas about morality in Russian society. The changing attitude of society towards de facto marriages, the increase in the number of unregistered married couples indicates the transformation of the moral values of young people and the need for the state to promote the legal protection of such married couples without trying to prohibit or restrict them. Existing approaches to the legal regulation of sham marriages require adjustments, including incorporating the notion of "fictitious divorce" in family legislation.