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Contract Administration is a fundamental part of the project management process and it pervades the activities of every project. In fact it is the manager's competence as contract administrator that enables us to distinguish between a good manager and bad one. Modern project management is adopting contract management to aid the process of management in an ever increasing measure. Contract Administration is all about making the things visible which is invisible through your art of writing letters to distinguish between success and failure of a project. As a project manager, especially in large engineering projects, there are many legal concerns in contracts, damages and injuries. However different countries and Provinces have different law system so it is hard to integrate the details into the body of knowledge. The contents of the publication also include a series of research supervised by me to ensure the depth of knowledge. I am not a legal practitioner so I cannot deliver professional legal advice. However I got inspired by reading some articles and would like to introduce some basic Concepts and analysis to projects managers regarding to contract and performance. Although the projects reference background is based on the Nepalese Construction Industry, it is beneficial for project manager's worldwide to grasp those concepts, so that project managers can have a rough idea before continuing their own projects. This book deeply covers international practice of contract administration. Readers should not be confused as I have provided primary citations and secondary references' to show the respects to all the previous authors. This will be useful for all engineers, managers, executives, government officials, legislators,teachers and students serving in projects and even in production for overcoming the problems of contract and performance. I have addressed the issues of procurement, contract, performance, variation, Time Extension and price adjustments only keeping the length of the contents in mind the other ...

The bottom-up approach involving decentralization of planning and policy formulation has become popular in developing countries in last two decade. Local Government Agency (LGA) projects are planned and implemented by applying variable degrees of project management processes ranging from formal to informal. The overall objective of the study was to empirically assess Users Committees (UCs) formation and contractual process adopted at Bhaktapur district of Nepal. The primary and secondary data and information were collected through different tools as questionnaire survey, Informal Consultations, Key Informant's Interview, Checklist and field visits. The information collected from the UCs members through the questionnaire and the consultations. The data were also collected from the Engineers, Sub Engineers, Planning officers, Assistant planning officer, Account Officer, Accountant, Store keeper employed in the DDC and District Technical Office Bhaktapur through questionnaire. Five numbers of Informal Consultations were conducted at each sector of the project location involving UCs and beneficiaries. Furthermore, the key Informant's Interview was taken with the Local Development officer and Senior Divisional Engineer. The UCs formation in 80 percent of the construction projects was after the publication of notice by VDC or Municipality for the attendance from among the beneficiaries of the project. UCs in most of the projects of DCC was formed by the general mass meeting of local beneficiaries without political interferences or biases.

NVEO ; Risk management is defined as process of identification of risk factors, their assessment as well as prioritization of risks along with economical application of resources to minimize and control the occurrence of the risk events. The overall aim of this study is to analyze the practice of risk management, significant risk factors and its ranking in road construction in Sindhupal chowk district with the perspective of global pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This research is conducted through questionnaire survey to collect the primary data. Response obtained from respondents is rated on a 5 point Likert scale and analyzed through MS Excel. The data are analyzed to find out mean and ranking of each risk factors for the severity of risk based on FMEA model regarding their probability of occurrence, its consequence and its detectability. Major risk factors based on risk priority number are time overrun risk, Safety Health and Environmental risk, cost overrun risk, financial and economic risk, force majeure and ecological risk, political legal and social risk, organizational risk, contractual risk, quality risk and design and specification risk in descending order of risk severity.

project performance ; Government of Nepal (GoN) is implementing many small, medium and large type of Irrigation Projects. Sikta Irrigation Project (SIP) is the National Pride Project implemented by the GoN. The command area of the project has 42766.00 ha and beneficiary of the project have 46715 house hold consisting 449588 population of Banke district. The study is focused to analyses the contractual performance of SIP using Earn Value Analysis for ongoing and status assessment of completed contracts along with the consequences of delay and disputes of selected contracts. The project consists of 52 no of contracts out of which 14 ongoing contracts were evaluated using EVA & S-curve. It is found that trough the contracts were within budget, however the time overrun has server. The average cost variance percentage 2.24%, Cost performance index 1.02, shows the effectiveness of cost in the project due to low bedding of 86% of contracts. schedule variance percentage is-44.2%, Schedule performance index is 0.55 and average index is 0.785 where less then 1.0. Depending upon condition the estimate to complete and estimate at completion may vary from 1.95 million to 3.54 million and 3.78 million to 5.37 million respectively. The success of any construction project is measured in terrns of its performance on schedule, cost, quality and no-dispute with safety. The project performance is measured base on timely completion, within the budget, required quality standards and customers satisfaction (Maskey and Mishra,2018). As a consequence of poor performance, the

Purpose: E-Government with higher failure rate is a motivation to do the research about Success Factors of e-Government implementation. Analyzing CSFs is an important factor that helps to implement e-Government successfully and to avoid failure. The aim of this study is to examine and identify the factors that influence and affect the utilization of e-Government in the developing countries Nepal, specifically in Province 1. Design / Methodology / Approach: The review of the literature and questionnaire with "important" and "unimportant" as options were mixed to collect primary data. The data collection focused on the e-Services provider offices and municipalities of Province 1 who are key stakeholders in the e-Government service delivery framework. The selected participants included focal group of IT professional and experts. Findings / Result: This article highlights some of the key attributes; it critically assesses key factors that influence e-Government services adoption and diffusion. The result from the study is the success factors viz; Clear vision and strategy, Top management & Government support, ICT infrastructure, Awareness, Training Citizen Empowerment and separate funding that Government organization and all parties must pay attention to ones for successful e-Government implementation. Originality / Value: It is an empirical research to signify the contribution Critical Success Factor for E-Governance Paper Type: Analytical Business Research

After the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic from china in 17th November 2019, whole world is affected and most countries adopted complete lockdown for its prevention. Nepal government also announced complete lockdown from 24th March 2020 up to 14th June 2020 with partial lockdown extending up to 21st July 2020. This study was carried out to explore the effect of lockdown on capital budget expenditure in Gaindakot Municipality, a central municipal of country. Data were collected from Gaidakot Municipality and trends were analyzed to assess the financial expenditure of Budget. Only 42.98 million rupees was expended during lockdown period for the capital works, which is 41.57% less than the expenditure of 73.57 million on previous fiscal year for same period. Out of 3.17 million budget allocated for forest and environment protection, none of the programs were executed and no budget was expended. Similar case was seen for agricultural and animal programs too. Similarly only 50000 was expended in water supply scheme out of 1.74 million budget. River training and irrigation works was carried out expending only 7.33 million out of yearly budget of 34.3 million. The result of study showed that there is great disturbance in development activities due to coronavirus pandemic and expenditure on capitalized budget for different sectors was decreased. We can expect the impact on whole country to be worse looking on scenario of single municipality thus promoting economic activities with adapting control mechanism for corona virus.