Suchergebnisse

Despite women's entry into the legal profession differences remain in men's and women's employment opportunities. This paper examines the way organizational practices affect the recruitment of men and women lawyers by comparing twelve in-house legal departments in manufacturing and financial services corporations. On the whole, women lawyers are less likely to be employed in the former. This pattern can be explained by the different requirements of each sector for specific legal skills and their recruitment of lawyers from various segments of the labour market in which women and men are differentially distributed.

This case study of social workers employed in three organisations suggests that conflict and tension arising from specific bureaucratic requirements combined with professional workers' claims for autonomy are not the invariable or inevitable outcome of organisational employment. Indeed, by defining spheres of competence and exclusive jurisdiction, organisational guide-lines protect social workers from encroachment by, and competition with members of other professions. This thereby strengthens the position and increases the legitimacy of social work within an organisation. In addition, social workers depend upon complex organisations for essential resources including employment opportunities and clients thereby contributing to professional-organisational interdependence and integration.

The availability of artificial insemination by donor (AID) and in vitro fertilization (IVF) has generated considerable ethical, moral, social and legal discussion. Commonwealth and state government inquiries all recommend legislation regulating the experimental and clinical application of new procreative technologies and Victoria and South Australia have passed such laws, A central aspect of the debate regards donated gametes and the status of children. The paper argues that much of the concern over donated sperm and ova is premised on the assumption that 'true' parentage has a biological base and that a person's 'true' identity is determined genetically. This asocial conception of the family de‐emphasizes both the social influences on personality formation and the relationships which constitute kinship as a social institution.