Suchergebnisse

Abstrak: Theologi Filsafat Politik Islam. Theologi merupakan sesuatu yang erat kaitannya dengan ketuhanan. Tuhan telah memberikan fasilitas bagi manusia untuk menjadi manusia yang bijak dan bermoral. Kedamaian kemungkinan akan hadir pada suatu negeri jika orang-orang di dalamnya terkhusus para pengambil kebijakkan mengindahkan hal-hal yang menjadi pokok dalam hidup manuisa. Manusia, negara, agama, politik merupakan bagian-bagian yang sulit untuk dipisahkan yang memang keempatnya merupakan sesuatu pertalian yang mengait antara satu sama lain. Singkat kata untuk menjadikan suatu negara menjadi yang lebih baik maka tentunya diawali dengan pemimpin yang bijak dalam bersikap. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pandangan teologi politik dalam dunia islam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menjabarkan bagaimana filsafah dunia politik dalam Islam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode metode deskriptif kualitatif, sedangkan jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pustaka (Library Research). Dalam pengumpulan data penelitian ini menggunakan metode dokumentasi, yaitu mencari data atau variable yang berkaitan dengan pembahasan penelitian. Pengumpulan data dapat berupa buku, artikel, majalah, jurnal dan lain sebagainya. Metode dokumentasi merupakan teknik pengumpulan data dan teknik analisa data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan proses pengelolaan, mereduksi dan memberikan kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah Theologi politik Islam dapat dikatakan secara singkat bahwa bagaimana mekanisme dan aturan bernegara ini dihiasi dengan nilai-nilai agama. Para politisi dalam mengambil berbagai macam kebijakkan hendaklah didasari atas kepentingan rakyat, kepentingan dari rakyat, oleh rakyat dan untuk rakyat. Sementara itu, filsafat adalah sebuah ilmu yang digunakan untuk memperoleh kebenaran rasional. Dalam hal ini sangat penting dipahami, Islam sebagai agama yang terakhir dibawa oleh nabi Muhammad Saw telah mengajarkan nilai-nilai kebaikan, nilai-nilai keadilan, nilai-nilai kepedulian, nilai-nilai kearifan, nilai-nilai keindahan, nilai-nilai kebersamaan. Persamaan derajat dan martabat manusia lebih penting dari manusia itu sendiri. Filsafat politik Islam hendaknya mewarnai pola hidup yang baik bagi para politisi dalam menjalankan tugas untuk kepantingan rakyat, mengemban amanah rakyat hendaklah didasari oleh nilai-nilai keberagamaan yang matang sehingga nantinya memberikan dampak yang baik bagi masyarakat dalam hidup bernegara, berbangsa, beragama, bermasyarakat yang hidup di negara.

For there to be a day like July 17, 1980, a nation's citizens have to fail completely in their duty to their country. It was, in fact, the only possible end for Bolivia after fourteen years of military dictatorship and three years of childish civilians' games that were so grandly called "the road back to democracy." It may look as if the military, who returned to power in a two-day battle that claimed three thousand lives, should bear all the blame. But I believe that civilian politicians hold greatest responsibility for the tragedy.

Designing the phenomenon of security at the level of individual states and the international community, and the explanation of its nature, dates from the beginning of the history of humankind. In the early stages of the development of organized social communities, security (as an objective structural element of individuals states, and the international community) was primarily seen in the context of two concentrated forms: the war and the relations among states. Given the numerous new conditions in the international system, research would at present, within the framework of security studies, have to focus on comparative empirical studies of security at the leve of states and the entire international system. In the former Yugoslavia, the research into security and defence was at first conducted within military research institutions. In mid-seventies, the establishment of the diploma course in civil defence marked the beginning of investigating these issues at universities. In Slovenia this course is organized within the Faculty for Social Sciences. At first, it mostly involved teaching the institutional approach to the issues of defence and security, in time, research began, particularly after the establishment of the Institute for Defence Research conduct research in the fields of security, defence, army, protection, and peace studies. (SOI : PM: S. 198)

This book presents a foray into the fascinating process of risk management, beginning from classical methods and approaches to understanding risk all the way into cutting-age thinking. Risk management by necessity must lie at the heart of governing our ever more complex digital societies. New phenomena and activities necessitate a new look at how individuals, firms, and states manage the uncertainty they must operate in. Initial chapters provide an introduction to traditional methods and show how they can be built upon to better understand the workings of the modern economy. Later chapters review digital activities and assets like cryptocurrencies showing how such emergent risks can be conceptualized better. Network theory figures prominently and the book demonstrates how it can be used to gauge the risk in the digital sectors of the economy. Predicting the unpredictable black swan events is also discussed in view of a wider adoption of economic simulations. The journey concludes by looking at how individuals perceive risk and make decisions as they operate in a virtual social network. This book interests the academic audience, but it also features insights and novel research results that are relevant for practitioners and policymakers

Life must be conceived as the result of evolution and human life as the emergence of the species Sapiens from the genus Homo of the family of apes. If the emergence of human life as an evolutionary fact is coupled with the notion of social life, we are referred to the constructive production of human life forms, of which social participation is an integral part. On the one hand, participation is tied back to the phylogenesis of the species Sapiens, but on the other hand, it has to be acquired and practiced anew by every human being in the process of ontogenesis, depending on the environment. Participation in old age is a separate specification of the conditions of this process and can be illustrated on the basis of a large number of empirical findings. The content History of ideas and epistemological approach.- Social gerontological centering.- Empirical findings from recent research.- Multiple interpretations. The target groups Lecturers and students of the social sciences The author Prof. (ret.) Dr. Anton Amann hold the Chair of Sociology and Social Gerontology (1982-2006) and was Director of the Paul F. Lazarsfeld Archive (2001-2021), both at the University of Vienna. This book is a translation of an original German edition. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence (machine translation by the service DeepL.com). A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content, so that the book will read stylistically differently from a conventional translation.

This book presents a foray into the fascinating process of risk management, beginning from classical methods and approaches to understanding risk all the way into cutting-age thinking. Risk management by necessity must lie at the heart of governing our ever more complex digital societies. New phenomena and activities necessitate a new look at how individuals, firms, and states manage the uncertainty they must operate in. Initial chapters provide an introduction to traditional methods and show how they can be built upon to better understand the workings of the modern economy. Later chapters review digital activities and assets like cryptocurrencies showing how such emergent risks can be conceptualized better. Network theory figures prominently and the book demonstrates how it can be used to gauge the risk in the digital sectors of the economy. Predicting the unpredictable black swan events is also discussed in view of a wider adoption of economic simulations. The journey concludes by looking at how individuals perceive risk and make decisions as they operate in a virtual social network. This book interests the academic audience, but it also features insights and novel research results that are relevant for practitioners and policymakers.

Gender relations implicate power and male privilege. Prisons largely house underprivileged men. How then do incarcerated men negotiate masculinities when gender relations in society-at-large, power relations inside prisons, and masculine ideas and ideals continue to change? Drawing on a semi-ethnographic study in a men's prison in Ukraine, I detail how the dynamic nature of gender normative ideals coexist with the more constant features of gender order: masculine surveillance, censure, and stratification. I highlight that notwithstanding the existence of alternative and subordinate masculinities, the power of hegemonic masculinities in prison is far from waning despite continuously shifting normative expectations and evolving masculine ideals. Whilst adding to the scholarship that questions the hypermasculine image of the men's prison world, this chapter, by foregrounding the costs men in prison bear in their daily struggle to attain and maintain masculine status, explains how men in prison are simultaneously victims and perpetrators of patriarchy.

Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- The Author -- Table of Contents -- List of Abbreviations -- General Introduction -- 1. Geography and Population -- I. Geography -- II. Population -- 2. Legal and Political Structure -- I. The Relationship Between the Chinese Central Authorities and Hong Kong -- II. Hong Kong's System of Government: The Executive Branch -- III. Hong Kong's System of Government: The Legislative Branch -- IV. Hong Kong's System of Government: The Judicial Branch -- 3. Sources of Law -- 4. Land Tenure in Hong Kong -- 5. Environmental Regulation -- I. Setting Up Environmental Standards -- II. Absence of a Specialized Environmental Litigation System -- III. Limited Judicial Control of the Environmental Regulatory System -- IV. Hong Kong Ombudsman -- V. Towards Environmental Citizenship? -- 6. Institutional Structure -- I. The Chief Executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region -- II. The Chief Secretary for the Administration -- III. Secretary for the Environment -- IV. The Director of Environmental Protection -- V. The Environmental Protection Department -- VI. The Advisory Council on the Environment -- VII. Appeal Board -- Chapter 1. Air Pollution Control Ordinance -- 1. Introduction -- I. Reducing Emissions from Vehicles -- II. Reducing Emissions from Industrial Sources and Power Plants -- III. Tackling Regional Air Pollution -- 2. Legislative Framework -- 3. Air Pollution Control Ordinance -- I. Regulations -- II. Technical Memoranda -- III. Codes of Practice -- IV. Practice Notes -- 4. The Application of the Air Pollution Control Ordinance -- I. The Impact of the Ordinance on the Government -- II. Key Personnel -- A. The Chief Executive of Hong Kong SAR -- B. The Chief Secretary for Administration -- C. The Secretary in Charge of the Subject of Environment -- D. The Authority -- E. Appeal Board.