Suchergebnisse

This book pursues a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach in order to analyze the relationship between water and food security. It demonstrates that most of the world's economies lack sufficient water resources to secure their populations' food requirements and are thus virtual importers of water. One of the most inspiring cases, which this book is rooted in, is Italy: the third largest net virtual water importer on earth. The book also shows that the sustainability of water depends on the extent to which societies recognize and take into account its value and contribution to agricultural production. Due to the large volumes of water required for food production, water and food security are in fact inextricably linked. Contributions from leading international experts and scholars in the field use the concepts of virtual water and water footprints to explain this relationship, with an eye to the empirical examples of wine, tomato and pasta production in Italy. This book provides a valuable resource for all researchers, professionals, policymakers and everyone else interested in water and food security

Understanding individual food choices is critical for transforming the current food system to ensure healthiness of people and sustainability of the planet. Throughout the years, researchers from different fields have proposed conceptual models addressing factors influencing the food choice, recognized as a key leverage to improve planetary and human health. However, a multidisciplinary approach is needed to better understand how different factors are involved and interact with each other in the decision-making process. The present paper reviews and analyzes existing models, providing an intact point-of-view by integrating key elements into a bigger framework. Key determinants of general food choice are identified and categorized, including food-internal factor (sensory and perceptual features), food-external factors (information, social environment, physical environment), personal-state factors (biological features and physiological needs, psychological components, habits and experiences), cognitive factors (knowledge and skills, attitude, liking and preference, anticipated consequences, and personal identity), as well as sociocultural factors (culture, economic variables, political elements). Moreover, possible directions of influence among the factors towards final food choice were discussed. The need of multidisciplinary impulses across research field with the support of empirical data are crucial for understanding factors influencing food choice as well as for enriching existing conceptual models. The framework proposed here would serve as a roadmap for facilitating communications and collaborations between research fields in a structural and systematic way.

Résumé L'objectif de cet article est de tracer des voies alternatives au développement à large échelle des ressources de l'eau dans l'agriculture, afin d'aboutir à des économies plus « vertes ». Le secteur agricole est la première cible des politiques qui visent à promouvoir une voie de développement plus soutenable de l'utilisation de la ressource d'eau, car il en constitue le plus important secteur de consommation, entre 70 et 90 % de l'eau nécessaire pour un individu ou pour une économie. On considère que la concurrence quant à l'utilisation de l'eau devrait encore s'intensifier dans les prochaines années, en raison de la pression démographique dans les pays en développement. Ce développement global entraîne impérativement une réévaluation de la gestion traditionnelle de l'eau, à partir d'une mobilisation à large échelle de l'eau de surface et de l'eau souterraine, afin de mettre en avant des solutions alternatives qui pourront optimiser leur utilisation dans la recherche de résultats efficients du point de vue social et économique, tout en assurant la soutenabilité environnementale. Cet article avance qu'il existe un potentiel significatif d'amélioration du développement de la ressource dans le secteur agricole, et que l'optimisation de l'utilisation de l'eau à plusieurs niveaux est un prérequis fondamental pour une transition vers des économies plus « vertes ».

Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Part I: Current Issues -- Understanding the Global Food System -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Nutrition Challenges -- 2.1 Nutritional Challenges in the SDGs -- 3 Food and the Environment -- 3.1 Food and the Environment in the SDGs -- 4 Food Loss and Waste -- 4.1 Food Loss and Waste in the SDGs -- 5 The Pathway Towards Sustainable and Healthy Food Systems -- References -- Climate Change, Sustainable Agriculture and Food Systems: The World After the Paris Agreement -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Climate Change and Agriculture -- 1.2 The Paris Agreement: Implications for the Agriculture Sector -- 2 A Paradigm Shift in Agriculture: From Carbon Source to Sink -- 2.1 Demand-Side Drivers of a Sustainable Food System -- 2.2 Solutions and Tools -- 3 Conclusions -- References -- Drivers of Migration in the Trans-Mediterranean Region: The Likely Role of Climate Change and Resource Security in the Geopolitical Context -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate Change Assessments: An Overview -- 3 The Trans-Mediterranean Migration Routes -- 4 Data and Methods -- 4.1 Geographical Context -- 4.2 Methods and Data for the Historical and Future Analysis -- 4.2.1 Climate -- 4.2.2 Water Resources -- 4.2.3 Agriculture -- 5 Results -- 5.1 Climate -- 5.2 Water Resources -- 5.3 Agriculture -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Nutrition, Health and Dietary Trends -- 1 Nutrition and Global Non-communicable Diseases -- 2 Evolution of Nutrition Guidelines: A Shift from Nutrients to Dietary Patterns -- 2.1 Nutrient-Disease Risk Model -- 2.2 Dietary Pattern-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines -- 3 The Relationship Between Dietary Patterns and Chronic Non-communicable Diseases: The Mediterranean Diet -- 3.1 The Mediterranean Diet for Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Diabetes and Cancer.

Il Position Paper analizza il ruolo delle città nel promuovere sistemi alimentari più sostenibili. Partendo dall'impatto che la pandemia da COVID-19 rischia di avere sui sistemi alimentari globali e urbani, il paper si articola in tre parti. La prima analizza il ruolo delle Urban Food Policies nel promuovere sistemi alimentari più sostenibili. La seconda parte analizza alcuni dei settori dove le città possono intervenire per promuovere una migliore governance alimentare (agricoltura urbana, ristorazione scolastica e collettiva, lotta allo spreco alimentare) e fornisce alcuni esempi di buone pratiche dal mondo. La terza parte analizza l'impatto che le Urban Food Policies possono avere sugli Obiettivi di Sviluppo Sostenibile (SDGs) e introduce dieci raccomandazioni per i decisori politici italiani.