Suchergebnisse

The Amazon is one of the most complex and important biomes in the world. Its role in global climate stability is recognized worldwide. The political changes that took place in Brazil in 2022 brought a new hope for the protection of the forest and the different peoples that inhabit it. The dissemination of correct information about the current stage of the Amazon is essential for the forest to be preserved. One cannot imagine the future without analyzing past successes and mistakes so as to avoid the repetition of failed policies. It is essential both for the protection of the rights of the indigenous peoples as well as preservation of thier habitat of Amazonia.

In the present paper we try to recover the reflection of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels on the American workers' movement of their time, especially as regards to the role of socialists. It is our understanding that this reflection of Marx and Engels contributes, although little explored, to the understanding of the conception of both - the materialist conception of history -, not because it contributed to its final elaboration, but through the practice that the authors made this when they analyzed what was happening on the other side of the Atlantic. The reflection of these two authors may still be, in addition to merely theoretical issues, quite current - hence the focus on issues of political party strategy - since the parties that claim the working class today are, after all, much more than in the second half of the nineteenth century, but on the other hand, much less expressive than in the second half of the twentieth century. It is, in fact, one of several particular contributions of the conception of the two German authors.

Vasco de Magalhães-Vilhena, filósofo marxista português, nasceu em 1916 e faleceu em 1993. A sua formação acadêmica iniciouse em Coimbra, entre 1942-45, participando antes como colaborador de uma das revistas portuguesas progressistas mais antigas – Seara Nova. Devido à pressão do fascismo português, exilou-se em França durante 30 anos. Em França, foi investigador do "Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique" de Paris, entre 1947-67; colaborador do "Centre de Recherches sur la Pensée Antique" (Sorbonne), entre 1946-74; e "Docteur ès Lettres" pela Sorbonne em 1949. Após a conhecida "Revolução dos Cravos", em 1974, pôde assumir o lugar de Professor Catedrático na Universidade de Lisboa em 1975.

The present work recovers Marx's thought on technological development, from his famous 13th chapter "Machinery and large industry" (Maschinerie und große Industrie), which belongs to Book I of 'Das Kapital'. Throughout this work, fundamental questions such as capital accumulation, competition and (capitalist) compulsion for surplus value (absolute and relative), the role of class struggle in this respect and how social relations (of production) influence the technological development will be succinctly analyzed. In the end, the contradictions of technology are revealed given the capitalist social relations of production.

O presente artigo procura confrontar o Materialismo Histórico, na esteira de algumas elaborações de Karl Marx e Friedrich Engels, com as elaborações, em sentido amplo, de uma "teodiceia secularizada", tomando como mote a questão que o nomeia: "Materialismo Histórico: uma Teodiceia secularizada?". Assim, compete ao presente artigo procurar perceber se o Materialismo Histórico é uma forma de manifestação desta, por via de tal confronto. Para o efeito, tomam-se como principal exemplo dois artigos de Marx – The British Rule in India e The Future Results of British Rule in India – como os textos preferidos pelos críticos para uma semelhante colação.

The problem to be addressed in this article is related to the precautionary principle and its incorporation into the Brazilian law. As it is beknown, this principle has been widely cited by Brazilian case law and it is an important part of the legal and environmental scholarly production. However, it follows that its application has been made fairly randomly, and even so there is no clear and operational definition of its content. The hypothesis being examined is that since the Rio Declaration's - in its translation into Portuguese - environmental legislation has termed as legal principle, which internationally is an approach, a precautionary measure, as can be seen in both the texts in English and French of the Rio Declaration and other relevant legal instruments. The methodology to be used is the research of the case law and relevant legal rules, as well as the examination of the scholarly production on the subject. As a result, the conclusion is that there is an overuse of the precautionary principle by the Brazilian courts, especially by the Superior Court of Justice and that, in this case, the Federal Supreme Court has played a moderating role in relation to the application of the precautionary principle.

This study features the relationship between extra training in management and/or administration and leadership skills in a representative sample of the national plan for middle management working in public administration in the health sector. The training needs of these leaders were identified in the past, so the intention now is to identify if they are trained in management/administration, if there are differences in how leadership skills are gained by those who have had training and those who have not. To gauge if management/administration training will bring advantages to middle management in health because they can condition the culture and focus of organisational leadership through their leadership skills. A theoretical model was deduced, using the structural equation modelling methodology and non-parametric and parametric tests. It was observed that most middle management staff in the health area do not have training in management/administration and that leadership skills are, in decreasing order: mentor, director, facilitator, innovator, coordinator, monitor, producer and broker, resulting in a leadership culture of support, objectives, rules and innovation. The leadership focus is on flexibility and internal and external control. However, those who have received training have higher levels of leadership skills, promoting the culture of organisational leadership in the sense of innovation, objectives and rules and the leadership focus on flexibility, for the internal and external environment.