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Contrary to the affirmation of the end of labour, The Meanings of Work explore the complexity of the working class today; the sexual division of labour and transversalities between the dimensions of class and gender; globalisation of capital and labour.

In Beyond Leviathan: Critique of the State, István Mészáros closes a trilogy that was first outlined in Marx's Theory of Alienation, later greatly developed in Beyond Capital, and is now concluded in this new work. Throughout his immensely rich work, Mészáros developed, amid many original formulations, an increasingly relevant concept: capital's order of social metabolic reproduction.

Abstract
This article aims to point out some of the main destructive trends in relation to the working class that, although not caused by the covid-19 pandemic, are being widely intensified amid this health crisis. Thus, the intention is to show that the antisocial metabolism of the capital system has been developing 'laboratories' to experiment with labour, driven by large corporations and digital platforms, of which 'Uberised work' and remote working from home are examples, and that these trends have tended to expand in the post-pandemic period, further aggravating the precarious conditions of the working class on a global scale. Long working hours, intense forms of exploitation and the complete lack of labour rights constitute some of the main proofs of these precarious conditions, resulting in the elimination of large sectors of the working class that have become superfluous and disposable, thus increasing unemployment.

During the 2018 Brazilian presidential elections, almost thirty years after the first democratic elections since the military dictatorship, Jair Bolsonaro took on the role of supposed underdog and, in the face of the collapse of the other center and right-wing bourgeois candidates, became the only one capable of countering the risk of the victory of the Workers' Party. Bolsonaro, or the captain, as he is frequently called by his acolytes, is a sort of Donald Trump of the periphery—a second-rate Trump. Though he appears to be the most radical critic of the system, he is, in fact, the very image of the status quo, in all its brutality and rawness.

From call centers to fast-food restaurants, the future of service work is one of precarious employment, with no stable schedules, wages, benefits, or union representation. Should these workers be considered part of a new service proletariat, or treated as a new class altogether, the "precariat"?Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é refletir sobre a experiência recente do socialismo com o olhar voltado para a América Latina. Se ao longo do século XX, a tese do "socialismo em um só país" sofreu uma derrota profunda, mesmo em seu espaço ampliado de incidência, qual poderá ser o papel (econômico, social e político) de países como o Brasil, México, Argentina, Venezuela, Bolívia e Colômbia, Cuba etc, nas lutas pelo socialismo, tanto no espaço latinoamericano, quanto mundial? Nesta era de mundialização do capital, como será possível pensar o socialismo em um espaço simultaneamente nacional e também global/universal? E quais são os polos sociais capazes de lutar por estas transformações, quando se toma o exemplo da América Latina? São estes alguns dos pontos tratados neste artigo

The neoliberal project, having in the productive restructuring of the capital its material base, assumed singular forms and caused that various capitalist countries reorganized theirs productive world, procuring to combine elements of the neoliberal ideology and dimensions of the productive restructuring of the capital. The quality control circles proliferated, constituted as groups of workers that they are incentivized by the capital to discuss the work and their performance with conferences to improve the productivity and the lucrative and the company. It is the new form that the capital uses to preempt of the savoir faire intellectual of the work. The worker must think and make by and for the capital, what deepens (contrarily to reduce) the subordination of the work to the capital. This trial is met to explain the form that adopts the capital in front to the work, and for its own reproduction, and offers a series of elements that explain the current standard of capitalist accumulation in so much presents the current state of the world of the work and its forms of organization through the union movement, as social and political movement. The author indicates the most important features of the occupational world: decrease of the manual worker; stressed increase in the new proletariat, of countless forms of subproletarianization or precariousness work; substantial increase in the feminine work; great expansion of medium salaried in the "services sector"; exclusion of the working youths and the "old" workers; escalation and superexplotation of the work of the immigrants, of the blacks, in addition to the expansion of the infantile work levels between others. The author emphasizes the challenges of the syndicalism in Brazil, what can transcend beyond this country, toward a project that it should, in its basic contours, to begin the disassembly of the standard of outstanding capitalist accumulation, through a set of measures that reject a globalization and an integration imposed by the logic of the capital, integrative for outside, for the capital and destructive and disintegrated for the workers. ; El proyecto neoliberal, teniendo en la restructuración productiva del capital su base material, asumió formas singulares e hizo que diversos países capitalistas reorganizaran su mundo productivo, procurando combinar elementos del ideario neoliberal y dimensiones de la reestructuración productiva del capital. Los círculos de control de calidad proliferaron, constituyéndose como grupos de trabajadores que son incentivados por el capital para discutir el trabajo y su desempeño con vistas a mejorar la productividad y el lucro de la empresa: es la nueva forma que el capital utiliza para apropiarse del savior faire intelectual del trabajo. El obrero debe pensar y hacer por y para el capital, lo que profundiza (contrariamente a rebajar) la subordinación del trabajo al capital. Este ensayo se aboca a explicar la forma que adopta el capital frente al trabajo, y para su propia reproducción, y ofrece una serie de elementos que explican el patrón actual de acumulación capitalista en tanto presenta el estado actual del mundo del trabajo y sus formas de organización mediante el movimiento sindical, como movimiento social y político. Se señalan los rasgos más importantes del mundo laboral: disminución del obrero manual; aumento acentuado del nuevo proletariado, de innumerables formas de subproletarización o trabajo precarizado; aumento sustancial del trabajo femenino; gran expansión de asalariados medios en el "sector de servicios"; exclusión de los trabajadores jóvenes y de los trabajadores "viejos"; intensificación y superexplotación del trabajo de los inmigrantes, de los negros, además de la expansión de los niveles de trabajo infantil, entre otros. El autor enfatiza los desafíos del sindicalismo en Brasil, lo que puede trascender más allá de este país, hacia un proyecto que debiera, en sus contornos básicos, iniciar el desmontaje del patrón de acumulación capitalista vigente, a través de un conjunto de medidas que rechacen una globalización y una integración impuestas por la lógica capital, integradora para afuera, para el capital, y destructiva y desintegradora para los trabajadores.

Nossa apresentação procura tratar o tema proposto - Modo de produção e educação – esboçando uma primeira sistematização acerca desta problemática sob a forma de três notas. A primeira nota indica alguns elementos para uma compreensão ampla do conceito de modo de produção em Marx. A segunda nota sugere algumas diferenciações presentes nas diferentes formas da alienação e do estranhamento vigentes no século XX e a terceira nota esboça alguns modos distintos da educação para o capital sob o capitalismo, que denominamos como pragmática da especialização, na variante taylorista-fordista e pragmática da liofilização flexibilizada, na era do toyotismo e da acumulação flexível. Conclui com um excerto breve introduzindo algumas pistas para se pensar a educação para além dos constrangimentos do capital.

A crise que aflorou em fins de 60 e início de 70 - que em verdade era expressão de uma crise estrutural do capital - fez com que, entre tantas outras conseqüências, o mundo produtivo implementasse um vastíssimo processo de reestruturação, visando a recuperação do seu ciclo de expansão e, ao mesmo tempo, recompor seu projeto de dominação societal, que foi abalado pela confrontação do trabalho dos anos 60, que questionou alguns dos pilares da sociabilidade do capital e de seus mecanismos de controle social.