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The Indonesian Government has carried out security in the Indonesia-Malaysia border area by placing various cross-border posts and security posts. The use of Unmanned Aerial Vahicles (UAVs) has proven to be very helpful in reconnaissance, and data collection, even in very difficult terrain conditions. This study aimed to find out more about the benefits of using UAVs in securing land borders in Kalimantan and their impact on the regional resilience.This study was a qualitative research, using a case study approach, which was used because the Researcher wanted to examine in depth the use of the UAV in a limited context and time period. The data used was primary data obtained from relevant informants, and secondary data obtained from official government documents and obtained by the previous researchers. To get the findings, the Researcher analyzed them using the theory of border area management and the theory of national resilience.The findings from the analysis was in the form of the impact of the use of UAVs, that the utilization has been increasing the resilience of border areas by realizing more effective and efficient border management. Thus, within the border area there has been an increase in the protection of various aspects of the regional resilience.

The Lombok Strait, which is part of the Indonesian Archipelagic Sea Lane II, has been established as a Traffic Separation Scheme, based on several considerations such as safety of navigation and preservation of the natural environment. This study aimed to explore the process of establishing the Lombok Strait Traffic Separation Scheme and to analyze its impacts on Indonesia's maritime security in the area. It was a qualitative study, using a case study approach. The data obtained from the literature study came from several scientific articles and government documents, interviews with several informants, and direct observations of the object under study. This study found that there were direct impacts of the establishment on the government institutions related to the management and execution of the Traffic Separation Scheme, on the adequacy of infrastructure related to the supervision and control of the Traffic Separation Scheme, and in the long term, there will be various potential impacts in form of several threats to Indonesia's maritime security, such as piracy, armed robbery, sea accidents, smuggling, pollution, and terrorism.

The Broad Guidelines of State Policy (BGSP) or Garis-Garis Besar Haluan Negara (GBHN) and the National Medium-Term Development Plan (NMDP) or Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Nasional (RPJMN) are important state policies in the execution of Indonesia's national development in various aspects of the life of the nation and state. The BGSP is no longer exists, and the MDP is still in effect today. The purpose of this study is to compare the two policies to obtain the superiorities and weaknesses of each when faced with several parameters obtained from various theories related to politics and law. This study is qualitative research using comparative studies in its analysis. From this study, it was found that in general, the BGSP made by the People's Consultative Assembly (PCA) or Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR) had a greater relative superiority when compared to the MDP made by the Government of the Republic of Indonesia.

Aktivitas ngopi di warung kopi biasanya diselingi topik pembicaraan seperti berbagai hal yang tengah terjadi di sekitar bahkan hingga isu politik di tanah air pun tak lepas sebagai bahan obrolan hangat adapun urusan bisnis. Namun kurangnya informasi dan sosialisasi mengenai kopi lokal khas Kalimantan ini masih kurang, jadi belum menjadi konsumsi masyarakat di Kota Pontianak. Maka Coffee shop juga dapat dikembangkan menjadi sarana edukasi guna mengetahui seluk beluk mengenai kopi, baik bagi pecinta kopi, turis, hingga masyarakat umum. Lokasi yang dipilih adalah lokaisi yang menjadi salah satu lokasi kuliner yang terdapat di Kota Pontianak. Lokasi tersebut berada di Jl. Tengku Umar yang banyak terdapat kuliner menjadi ikon di Pontianak. Site memiliki luas ± 1.122 m2. Metode peneliatian menggambil dari coffee shop atau waarung kopi tradisional yang sudah dikenal di Kota Pontianak dan menjadi ikon Kota Pontianak. Data yang diambil dari asumsi rotasi pengunjung yang berada di warung kopi tersebut. Untuk bangunan tersebut mengunakan konsep terpusat didalamnya sebagai area publik dan servis untuk pengunjung memiliki dua fungsi yang berbeda dengan menggunakan 2 massa dan grid yang berbeda. Seluruh konsumen yang datang dapat melihat pembuatan dan roasting kopi dengan nyaman sambil menikmati pesananya. Dengan begitu edukasi dapat sampai ke pengunjung atau konsumen. Kata kunci: kopi, warung kopi, kota Pontianak

A military observer is a military officer from a certain country who is deployed as part of a United Nations Peacekeeping Mission. The purpose of this study is to define an ideal competency model for the UN military observers of the Indonesian military by considering certain characteristics embedded in superior military observers that distinguish them from the non-superior ones. This study applied several data collecting techniques such as behavioral event interviews, observation, and library study. Two types of analysis, namely: content analysis and discriminant analysis are utilized to create data weighting and to discover the differentiating characteristics. From this study, it can be concluded that there is a very close and significant relationship between the competency and performance of the UN military observers from Indonesia. Those in the superior category do have three strong differentiating competencies, namely: initiative, relationship building, and impacts and influence production. And then this study also found an ideal competency model for a UN military observer, where the model consists of the three competencies plus eight other competencies, namely: team working, self-controlling, local language skill, local culture knowledge, vehicle driving skill, military knowledge and skills, diplomacy and negotiation skills, and administrative skills.Keywords: Competency, Competency model, Military observer, Recruitment, UN Peacekeeping

Abstract - Two Indonesian companies, namely PT PAL and PT. Daya Radar Utama (DRU), have been given the tasks by the Government of Indonesia to produce several warships for the Indonesian Navy. The Government has also issued a policy in the field of defense industry, which among others regulates matters related to the procurement of the TNI's main weapon systems. This research is intended to examine the impacts of the policy on the operations and supply chain strategies of PT PAL and PT DRU in producing warships. By using descriptive qualitative analysis method, the Researcher analyzed empirical data obtained in the field research supported by several theories, namely theory of strategy, theory of operations and supply chain strategy, theory of public policy, and theory of self-sufficient. From the analysis, there are several findings. The policies have given a certain level of positive impacts on the industries, such as: the improvement of cooperations among them, the improvement of manufacturing process due to the product's standardization, the improvement of self-reliance level of the industries, and the capability improvement of the companies due to cooperation with foreign parties. However, the policies still give negative impacts to the companies, such as: the low level application of the supply chain management, low level use of the domestic materials and ship's components, and the low level of fair competition among domestic defense industries.Keywords: operation strategy, supply chain, warship, PT PAL, PT DRU, Navy, Government of Indonesia, defense industry policy.

This article aimed at describing Islamic Education strategies and functions in liberating humankind from feudalism. Islam Believes that everybody's status is equal, one thing that makes him different is his piety. There are Three harmonious relationships can be identified; those are the relationship between human being and God "Allah SWT" (Habblun min Allah, theological aspect), between human being and other human being (Hablun min al-nas, athropo-sociological aspect), and between human being and the natural environment (Hablun min al-'alam, cosmological aspect). These harmonious relationships are the manifestation of perfect faithfulness of a Muslim to Allah SWT.In the religious dimension, the main purpose of Islam is to develop awareness and understanding about the meaning and of human's life in relation to God. Meanwhile, in terms of social dimension, the purpose of Islamic Education is to develop understanding of harmonious relationship, either between human beings or between human being with the environment. In this context, human beings hold the responsibility for restraining a society from obstinacy, inanity, and anarchism. In this respect, the concept of liberalism in Islamic Education is to place teachers and students in a harmonious relationship. This relationship is to create learning atmosphere which is based on the principle of democratic and two-way relationship.

Abstract This research discusses the development of urban transport in Medan during the first half of 20th century. In this period, Medan was the city at outside Java that had the most good strides in social and economic life. Although the urban situation had a remarkable development, but the transport system was not complicated as well as Batavia or Surabaya. Therefore, the problem of this thesis emphasize the urban transportation development in the midst of Medan urban's development. The urban spaces, the dynamics of employing transportation, and regulation are some important factors which discuss in this thesis. This research analyzing primary and secondary sources which include archives, newspapers, magazines, photographs, and other references. There are several findings in this thesis. First, most of the urban streets in Medan were built originally for the plantation needs, before then became the public road and the urban main street. Second, although the mechanic vehicle had existed, but generally, the urban center was filled by the smaller number of upper middle class rather than lower middle class groups which generally live at suburbs. Third, the policy on the Medan urban transport system was not fully held by the city government, because the other parties of non-government also intervenes to adjust their personal or group interests. Fourth, public transport which could carry mass passenger tends to be marginalized by economic reasons, i.e. the economic opportunity where people engaged in transportation was lost and effect on peoples income. Fifth, the sorts of urban transport in Medan are connoting also to social symbol.Keywords: Development, transportation, city, spatial.

Pandemi Covid-19 menuntut Pemerintah Indonesia untuk segera bertindak menghadapi berbagai dampak yang diakibatkan melalui berbagai strategi dan upaya. Penyebaran pandemi Covid-19 yang sangat cepat, mengakibatkan banyaknya korban jiwa, tidak hanya masyarakat luas tapi juga tenaga kesehatan yang melaksanakan tugas di seluruh wilayah di tanah air. Keberadaan pandemi Covid-19 juga mempengaruhi sektor politik, ekonomi dan hampir seluruh sektor kehidupan termasuk pertahanan. Guna membahas masalah Pandemi Covid-19 ini digunakan teori-teori yang mendukung yaitu teori strategi, teori Pandemi, teori pertahanan semesta dan teori strategi perang semesta. Metode yang digunakan dalam menganalisis pandemi Covid-19 ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif fenomonologi, yaitu dengan menyelidiki fenomena-fenomena yang ada mengenai Covid-19 dan menjelaskan secara kualitatif data yang didapat dari study pustaka untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mengenai strategi menghadapinya. Hasil dari analisis ditemukan adanya berbagai faktor menjadi pendukung dan penghambat upaya penananganan, pelaksanaan strategi antara lain strategi untuk meningkatkan Pemahaman tentang Covid-19 kemudian memperkuat tahapan pencegahan dengan menggunakan aplikasi selanjutnya memperkuat tata kelola penanganan Covid-19 dan meningkatkan suprastruktur masyarakat yang tangguh. Tujuan dari strategi yang dilakukan guna menghambat penyebaran dan penanggulangan dari perspektif Strategi perang semesta.Kata Kunci: Strategi Pemerintah, Pandemi, Covid-19, Perang Semesta, Pertahanan

Reserve Components are National Resources that have been prepared to be mobilized to enlarge and strengthen the capabilities of the Main Components and Supporting Components. The theory used in this research is the theory of national defense, threat theory, and empowerment. The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health crisis problem that not only affecting the population health sector but also security. The decline in living conditions and people's welfare then also affects the security sector where there is an increase in the number of criminal acts that can threaten public security and order in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aims to find out how the government will empower the reserve components to help protect the country's sovereignty, maintain state security when the COVID-19 pandemic occurs and what steps have been taken by the Indonesian government. The result shows that the Indonesian Military Reserve Component including empowering Indonesian citizens that are implemented by participating and complying with various policies made by the government to reduce the spread of the virus, by implementing health protocols, online learning, enforcing lockdowns, and conducting social distancing. Meanwhile, the government also empowers the national facilities and infrastructure in controlling the COVID-19 virus, one of which is by improving the function of hospital services, cooperate with the mass media to spread information for the people. The government also use information technology to give health service for Indonesian to provide accurate information about COVID-19.

National character education aims to form a strong, competitive, moral, tolerant nation, mutual cooperation, patriotic spirit, dynamic development, knowledge and technology oriented all of which are inspired by faith and piety to the Almighty God as in aspiring to the Pancasila philosophy. Character education is an important issue in the world of education related to the phenomenon of moral decadence that occurs in the community as well as in an increasingly diverse and diverse government environment. Crime, injustice, corruption, violence against children, violation of human rights, are evidence that there has been a crisis of identity and characteristics of the Indonesian nation. The values of politeness, and religiosity that are upheld and become the culture of the Indonesian nation as long as it seems to be weak and feels foreign along with the entry of global cultural values (global culture of the era), so that it is rarely encountered in the midst of society. Islamic education is a strategic answer in realizing the formation of national character from the family (informal), institutional institutions (formal) and learning groups in the community (non-formal), which is the main capital in the formation of national character.