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This book focuses on the notion of legitimacy to explain the success (or failure) of stability operations in the post-Cold War era. The author argues that the intervening force must create an enduring sense of the legitimacy of its mission among various parties such as the people of the host nation, the host government, political elites and the general public worldwide, and states in the international community that will determine and establish conditions regarding legitimate intervention.

Unintended consequences for individuals and groups -- Unintended consequences, complex peace operations and peacebuilding systems / Chiyuki Aoi, Cedric de Coning and Ramesh Thakur -- The unintended consequences of peace operations on Timor Leste from a gender perspective / Shukuko Koyama and Henri Myrttinen -- Protecting civilians from UN peacekeepers and humanitarian workers: sexual exploitation and abuse / Vanessa Kent -- Host economies, humanitarian action and civil--military coordination -- The unintended consequences of peace operations on the host economy from a people's perspective / Katarina Ammitzbøll -- The unintended consequences of peace operations on humanitarian action / Shin-wha Lee -- The unintended consequences of civil--military cooperation in peace operations / Stuart Gordon -- Troop-contributing countries -- The unintended consequences of peace operations for troop-contributing countries from West Africa: the case of Ghana / Kwesi Aning -- The unintended consequences of United Nations peace operations for troop-contributing countries from South Asia / C.S.R. Murthy -- The unintended consequences of peace operations for troop-contributing countries in South America: the case of Argentina and Uruguay / Arturo C. Sotomayor -- Accountability -- The accountability of personnel associated with peacekeeping operations / Franoise J. Hampson and Ai Kihara-Hunt -- A beacon of light in the dark? The United Nations' experience with peace operations ombudspersons as illustrated by the ombudsperson institution in Kosovo / Florian F. Hoffmann -- The vicarious responsibility of the United Nations / Frédéric Mégret -- Conclusion: can unintended consequences be prevented, contained and managed? / Chiyuki Aoi, Cedric de Coning and Ramesh Thakur

The Indo-Pacific captures the imagination of the strategic communicator. Although the concept of the Indo-Pacific remains vague and difficult for many policymakers and practitioners to grasp, particularly those from outside the area, it may be because the idea of the Indo-Pacific is at heart founded on ambiguity. The Indo-Pacific is a work in progress, as multiple actors and stakeholders try to define their own diplomatic, geopolitical/economic, and security parameters. And that process is inherently ambiguous. That process, too, is strategic communications.46 Defence Strategic Communications | Volume 12 | Spring 2023 DOI 10.30966/2018.RIGA.12.3 The two books reviewed here explain why the Indo-Pacific should merit the attention of the strategic communicator and of policymakers and practitioners. Medcalf's Indo-Pacific Empire is not specifically presented as dealing with strategic communications, and Michelsen and Bolt's Unmapping the 21st Century is not confined to the Indo-Pacific. Both, however, focus on the notion of 'maps' or cartography, which I argue to be the key to understanding the Indo-Pacific as an emerging geopolitical space. Michelsen and Bolt, further, focus on two types of 'maps'—a hierarchical one ('the state map') and a horizontal one ('the network map')—and reveal the tension and symbiosis between the two. It is, then, critical to understand the Indo-Pacific by recognising its essential characteristics as a map, as well as a network in the making, with the network's principal attributes manifest, centring on ambiguity.

AbstractThis article discusses legal, political, and institutional issues arising out of Japan's past involvement in international peace and stability missions. Seeking to identify potential strengths and limitations, it focuses on the experience and features of the international missions of the Japan Self-Defense Forces. Although the JSDF has proved successful in conducting its assignments on a tactical level, some of the limitations inherent in the JSDF modus operandi—to a large extent imposed by domestic legal system—are nonetheless serious in light of changing operational environments. These limitations are due to lack of consensus in the Japanese political debate on what constitutes the strategic priorities of Japanese security, as well as the indeterminate public attitudes towards these issues. It should be noted, however, that the resulting "activism lite" approach is increasingly untenable if Japan is to remain a credible ally and partner in the international community.

The eastward shift of political and economic power has been accompanied by increasing interest and participation in international peace support and stability missions by Asia-Pacific countries. From rising giants such as China and Indonesia to newer contributors such as Cambodia and the tiny city-state of Singapore, this book provides a first-ever cross-regional comparison of the capabilities of Asia-Pacific countries to contribute to peace support missions, with an eye to identifying strengths, weaknesses, emerging trends and policy implications.

This special issue explores how and to what extent 'hybridity' informs national policy, doctrines, and military transformation in Asia. The introduction engages with three preliminary issues as a way to set the broader analytical context. It reviews the concept of 'hybrid warfare' to make the case that versions of this notion have long been a feature of regional strategic thinking and practice. It similarly argues that maritime geography has had an impact on how 'hybrid' courses of actions in the region have been conceptualised, notably in regards to 'grey zone' operations. Lastly, it reviews the question of how to engage with the issue of the effectiveness of such strategies.

This edited volume offers a thorough review of peacekeeping theory and reality in contemporary contexts, and aligns the two to help inform practice. Recent United Nations peacekeeping operations have challenged the traditional peacekeeping principles of consent, impartiality and the minimum use of force. The pace and scope of these changes have now reached a tipping point, as the new mandates are fundamentally challenging the continued validity of the UN peacekeeping's core principles and identity. In response the volume analyses the growing gap between these actual practices and existing UN peacekeeping doctrine, exploring how it undermines the effectiveness of UN operations, and endangers lives, arguing that a common doctrine is a critical starting point for effective multi-national operations.