Suchergebnisse

Purpose
According to a widely accepted narrative, managerial reforms associated with new public management (NPM) originated in wealthy market economies and liberal democracies and were then promoted globally. However, scientific and systematic cross-national evidence of NPM practices has remained limited in scope, and debates over their survival and prevalence remain unsettled. The purpose of this paper is to narrow this empirical gap.


Design/methodology/approach
Using international data from public education in approximately 65 economies in 2012, this study systematically investigated the prevalence of managerial practices, namely, the managerial responsibilities of school principals, goal orientation in school management, and performance-based human resource management (HRM). It also tested correlations between the status of these practices and political and economic conditions across economies.


Findings
As of 2012, the top users of NPM practices were geographically spread across the world in regions that included Southeast Asia, Eastern Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa. Economies exhibited dissimilarities in their deployment of managerial practices. Performance-based HRM tended to be used more extensively in less accountable and less wealthy economies.


Originality/value
By focusing on actual practices, this study offers an empirically valid, critical analysis of the global prevalence of NPM. The findings clarify some observers' current understandings of NPM. They deliver a powerful message that debates on global reform waves can benefit greatly from empirical evidence drawn from world regions beyond one's parochial focus.

AbstractIn the wake of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami, the Ministry of Environment in Japan asked municipalities nationwide to accept and treat disaster waste. This call for cross‐jurisdictional waste treatment provoked considerable public controversy. To explore how the national and municipal governments can seek more public acceptance in the wake of future disasters, this study implemented a nationwide survey and addressed the question of what factors influence the public's willingness to support their municipalities' plans to host disaster waste. Three strands of the literature—on risk perception, public dissent, and prosocial behavior—offer valuable insights into hypothesis building, although none has addressed the above question. Estimates from an ordered logistic regression (N = 1,063) reveal that the conditions of a nuclear accident and living with a small child in the household would lower the level of support for accepting disaster waste, although this does not mean that people would give their support in the absence of a nuclear accident. The results also suggest that the national and municipal governments should communicate more with the public about the risks, benefits, and costs associated with hosting disaster debris, and make efforts to improve public trust in the national government.

Le 11 mars 2011, un séisme en mer d'une magnitude de 9,0 et un tsunami gigantesque venaient frapper la région de Tohoku au Japon, catastrophe qui a été suivie de la crise nucléaire de Fukushima. Malgré ces malheurs, Tohoku avance et cette expérience extraordinaire doit nous inspirer dans l'étude de la gestion responsable des catastrophes. On a assisté à un phénomène étonnant à la suite des catastrophes, à savoir l'apparition d'une collaboration étendue ( wide-area collaboration) , faisant intervenir les gouvernements national et locaux, afin d'aider les municipalités de Tohoku. Dans la présente étude, nous nous intéressons à cette collaboration dans deux domaines : l'aide sur le plan de la main-d'œuvre et le traitement des débris. Les données empiriques indiquent que l'efficacité de la collaboration étendue dépend de l'efficacité de la collaboration à la fois horizontale (interlocale) et verticale (intergouvernementale) et que la collaboration étendue devrait être ajoutée aux modèles futurs visant à prévoir l'efficacité des processus de restauration et de reconstruction. Remarques à l'intention des praticiens Il serait erroné de penser que nous ne connaîtrons plus de catastrophes de grande ampleur à l'avenir et les questions de collaboration étendue auxquelles est confronté le Japon nous amènent cette fois naturellement à nous interroger sur la façon de définir au mieux la gouvernance collaborative dans le pays. La présente étude répertorie les éléments que les décideurs doivent définir lorsqu'ils mettent en place une collaboration étendue. Nos conclusions semblent généralisables aux États unitaires sujets aux catastrophes disposant d'une gestion des catastrophes décentralisée. Notre étude indique que les systèmes décentralisés dépourvus de plan en matière de collaboration étendue peuvent être dangereux en temps de crise.

On 11 March 2011, an offshore earthquake of magnitude 9.0 and a massive tsunami hit the Tohoku region of Japan, followed by the Fukushima nuclear crisis. Despite these adversities, Tohoku is moving forward, and this extraordinary experience should guide us in the quest for responsible disaster management. A striking development after the disasters was the rise of wide-area collaboration, involving national and local governments, to help Tohoku municipalities. This study documents such collaboration in two areas – manpower support and debris processing. The empirical evidence suggests that the success of wide-area collaboration hinges on the success of both horizontal (interlocal) and vertical (inter-governmental) collaboration and that wide-area collaboration be added to future models predicting the effectiveness of recovery and reconstruction processes.Points for practitionersIt would be an error to assume that large-scale disasters will not occur in the future, and the challenge of wide-area collaboration faced by Japan this time naturally prompts the question of how to best design such collaborative governance in the country. This study offers a checklist of items policy makers need to specify when they design wide-area collaboration. The findings would seem to be most generalizable to disaster-prone unitary states with decentralized disaster management. The study sounds an alert that a decentralized system devoid of a plan for wide-area collaboration can be dangerous in times of crisis.