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Imagen historiográfica y política del rey Enrique IV de Castilla en el siglo XVII, deducida de la existencia de gran cantidad de copias comentadas de sus crónicas, de historias de su reinado escritas en el XVII y tratados de gobierno que hacían alusión a su figura para ejemplificar cómo debía comportarse un príncipe ideal. Comparaciones que se hicieron entre ambas épocas, por la aparente semejanza de sus conflictos. Análisis de la figura de Enrique IV considerado como símbolo político en cuestiones tales como la legitimidad del poder del rey en función de sus virtudes personales, los límites del poder real, y la justicia como forma de gobernar. ; The historiographical and political image of King Henry IV of Castile in the seventeenth century, deduced from the existence of a large quantity of annotated copies of his chronicles, seventeenth-century histories of his reign and treaties on government that alluded to his figure to exemplify the prescribed behavior for an ideal prince. Comparisons that were made between both periods, based on the apparent similarity of their conflicts. Analysis of the figure of Henry IV considered as a political symbol in matters such as the legitimacy of the king's power as a result of his personal virtues, the limits of royal power, and the exercise of justice as a form of governance.

The use of environmental indicators to measure sustainability began in the 1970s when environmental protection became one of the most important topics in campaigns and political agendas in several countries. Consequently, it was necessary to have tools to adequately quantify the sustainability of water resources management in arid regions. These indicators represent some of the tools used to quantitatively represent a series of attributes to characterize a system. They also make it possible to make comparisons to a reference scale, establish the state of a system with respect to the reference condition and identify its evolution and potential future state. The current environmental problem in the Lerma-Chapala River basin is the result of the interaction between political, economic and social factors in the region. Intensive agricultural and livestock practices have caused a high degree of degradation of the natural ecosystems in the basin and urban land use has greatly impacted the ecological equilibrium, which has degraded in recent decades due to anthropogenic activities. This work analyzes a hierarchical systems approach using the Watershed Sustainability Index (WSI) methodology. ; Los indicadores ambientales para medir la sustentabilidad se usan a partir de la década de los años setenta, cuando la defensa del medio ambiente se convirtió en uno de los temas más importantes de las campañas y agendas políticas en varios países. Se hace necesario, por lo tanto, contar con herramientas que permitan cuantificar de forma apropiada este concepto de sustentabilidad asociado con la gestión de recursos hídricos en zonas áridas. Parte de estas herramientas son dichos indicadores, cuyo propósito es representar, de manera cuantitativa, una serie de atributos que caracterizan el sistema analizado y que, contrastados con una escala de referencia, permiten establecer, por un lado, en qué estado se encuentra el sistema respecto a la condición de referencia, y por otro, cómo ha sido su evolución y cuál es su estado potencial futuro. La problemática ambiental que actualmente se presenta en la cuenca Lerma-Chapala es el resultado de la interacción entre los actores políticos, económicos y sociales, y su entorno. Las prácticas agrícolas y pecuarias intensivas ocasionan una gran degradación de los ecosistemas naturales; el uso urbano de la tierra también ejerce un fuerte impacto en el equilibrio ecológico, el cual se ha visto degradado en décadas recientes debido a la acción antropogénica. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis desde un enfoque sistémico de jerarquización, en el cual se utiliza la metodología llamada Índice de Sustentabilidad de Cuencas (WSI).

1 13 79 5 ; S ; [EN] Climate change affects rainfall and temperature producing a breakdown in the water balance and a variation in the dynamic of freshwater-seawater in coastal areas, exacerbating seawater intrusion (SWI) problems. The target of this paper is to propose a method to assess and analyze impacts of future global change (GC) scenarios on SWI at the aquifer scale in a coastal area. Some adaptation measures have been integrated in the definition of future GC scenarios incorporating complementary resources within the system in accordance with urban development planning. The proposed methodology summarizes the impacts of potential GC scenarios in terms of SWI status and vulnerability at the aquifer scale through steady pictures (maps and conceptual 2D cross sections for specific dates or statistics of a period) and time series for lumped indices. It is applied to the Plana de Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer. The results summarize the influence of GC scenarios in the global status and vulnerability to SWI under some management scenarios. These GC scenarios would produce higher variability of SWI status and vulnerability. This work has been partially supported by the GeoE.171.008-TACTIC and GeoE.171.008-HOVER projects from GeoERA organization funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program; Plan de Garantia Juvenil from MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), co-inancing by BEI (Banco Europeo de Inversiones) and FSE (Fondo Social Europeo); and SIGLO-AN (RTI2018-101397-B-I00) project from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad). The authors also thank AEMET and UC for the data provided for this work (Spain02 dataset, https://www.meteo.unican.es/datasets/spain02). Baena-Ruiz, L.; Pulido-Velázquez, D.; Collados-Lara, A.; Renau-Pruñonosa, A.; Morell, I.; Senent-Aparicio, J.; Llopis-Albert, C. (2020). Summarizing the impacts of future potential global change scenarios on seawater intrusion at the ...

[EN] Climate change affects rainfall and temperature producing a breakdown in the water balance and a variation in the dynamic of freshwater-seawater in coastal areas, exacerbating seawater intrusion (SWI) problems. The target of this paper is to propose a method to assess and analyze impacts of future global change (GC) scenarios on SWI at the aquifer scale in a coastal area. Some adaptation measures have been integrated in the definition of future GC scenarios incorporating complementary resources within the system in accordance with urban development planning. The proposed methodology summarizes the impacts of potential GC scenarios in terms of SWI status and vulnerability at the aquifer scale through steady pictures (maps and conceptual 2D cross sections for specific dates or statistics of a period) and time series for lumped indices. It is applied to the Plana de Oropesa-Torreblanca aquifer. The results summarize the influence of GC scenarios in the global status and vulnerability to SWI under some management scenarios. These GC scenarios would produce higher variability of SWI status and vulnerability. ; This work has been partially supported by the GeoE.171.008-TACTIC and GeoE.171.008-HOVER projects from GeoERA organization funded by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program; Plan de Garantia Juvenil from MINECO (Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad), co-inancing by BEI (Banco Europeo de Inversiones) and FSE (Fondo Social Europeo); and SIGLO-AN (RTI2018-101397-B-I00) project from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Programa Estatal de I+D+I orientada a los Retos de la Sociedad). The authors also thank AEMET and UC for the data provided for this work (Spain02 dataset, https://www.meteo.unican.es/datasets/spain02). ; Baena-Ruiz, L.; Pulido-Velázquez, D.; Collados-Lara, A.; Renau-Pruñonosa, A.; Morell, I.; Senent-Aparicio, J.; Llopis-Albert, C. (2020). Summarizing the impacts of future potential global change scenarios on seawater intrusion at the aquifer ...