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This study explores the role of patronage in Indonesian State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) by analyzing board appointments between 2004 and 2019 under two different presidential administrations—those of Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono and Joko Widodo. The study is based on a content analysis of board members and their political affiliations in fifteen of the largest Indonesian SOEs and in-depth, semi-structured interviews with a former minister, high-ranking officials in the government, political party members, CEOs, and SOE board members. The study identifies how key patrons influence board appointments and how the sitting president, a pivotal patron in the post-authoritarian context, strategically uses patronage for power consolidation and political stability. Given the financial significance and power of SOEs, placing loyalists on boards serves the interests of ruling political parties and elites. This also enables elites to produce even more patronage, which is beneficial for their personal political machinery. This intricate interplay sustains the presence of patronage in Indonesia's democratic landscape.(Crit Asian Stud/GIGA)

Food security is one of the main pillars of developing resilient and sustainable economic development. Food security itself refers to the availability of food and one's access to it. Food autonomy at the household level, requires special attention as it forms the foundation of food autonomy of food at the national level. Food Autonomy Action Programme , is one of government interventions tailored toward achieving national economic resilient and security. The program targets directly the poor as they often experience food insecurity. The objective in overcoming food insecurity in Bantul district. The study specifically examined and identified factors which contribute to the effectiveness of the program implementation. The research used descriptive qualitative methods. The location of the research was was in two villages., Muntuk Village Dligo Sub-District and Selopamioro Village Imogiri Sub-district, which were categorized as food insecure that. Findings showed that the implementation of the Food Autonomy Action Programme in Bantul district has been effective. This is reflected by an analysis of both output indicators the implementation of program proved relevant to target population as well as outcome decrease in food insecurity of the population relative to the level of food at the society level.

AbstractResearch Question/IssueA significant part of the world's economy is controlled by state‐owned enterprises, and there is a lack of research on how the interplay between politics and business plays out in the boardroom. We address this issue by analyzing boardrooms' decision outcomes as they relate to the role of boardroom power distribution, members' motivation, and decision‐making approach.Research Findings/InsightsOn the basis of information from a sample of 22 state‐owned Indonesian enterprises, we found that a decision outcome in a boardroom is influenced by three factors: the motivation and decision‐making approach of individual board members and the distribution of power in the boardroom. We also found that, in several cases, board members are powerless decision makers, as the decision‐making process in the boardroom is controlled by the government and politicians.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsThis study contributes to the understanding of the inner working processes in emerging‐market boardrooms, and we build a theory‐driven typology of boards' decision outcomes.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis paper highlights the nature of political interactions within the boards of state‐owned enterprises, and we recommend that state‐owned enterprises seek board members who are knowledgeable and rationally motivated, as well as seek a (more) equal power distribution among board members. Politicking and political interference can lower the quality of boards' decisions.

The existence of social capital is really important in development because social capital plays a role to achieve sustainability development. It also applies in community development process. Community development strategy can be implemented through empowering the institution and civil society organizations. Those are form of social capital that develops in society. Bali province government has been adapting the existence of social capital through the empowerment of Pakraman village. Pakraman Village is an indigenous community that is formed on the socio-religious bound. The most common way to empower society is based on the establishment of village credit institutions (Lembaga Pengkreditan Desa: LPD) One of the LPD that shows its existence in the midst of intense competition with other financial institution is LPD Pakraman Batuaji Kawan Village in Tabanan, Bali Province. Thus, this paper is aimed to elaborate the contribution of social capital in management of LPD Pakraman Batuaji Kawan Village. The research methodology that had been used in this paper was qualitative descriptive with case study approach. Meanwhile, data collection techniques that had been used in this research were interview, observation and documentation. The result of this research show that social capital has a positive role in supporting the management of LPD such as the planning and budgeting activities, personnel recruitment process, the lending process, the process of resolving non performing loans, the process of supervision and accountability. Based on these result, the adoption of social capital in the process of community empowerment plays significance role in maintaining the community empowerment's program.

PurposeThis paper aims to provide a bibliometric meta-analysis of the already substantial and growing literature on international franchising. Franchising is a model for businesses to achieve scale with limited resources. International franchising is a mode of entry that allows firms to develop new markets with relatively little risk but also little control.Design/methodology/approachUsing a systematic approach, the paper identifies all articles in the ISI Web of Science from 1970 to 2018 that includes the term international franchising (in the title, the abstract or keywords) and finds 131 articles. This paper used HistCite software to analyze the bibliometric data.FindingsFour major research clusters in the international franchising literature are identified. In addition, this study shows a change in research patterns regarding topics, theories and methodologies from the 1970s through 2018. The paper presents the most influential articles, authors and journals.Originality/valueFrom the analyzes, this study develops a conceptual framework of international franchising and suggest avenues for future research.