Suchergebnisse

O presente artigo tem como objetivo discutir as dinâmicas de concepção do espaço urbano contemporâneo, visto como espaço social, produzido e reproduzido em conexão com as relações políticas e econômicas presentes no processo de implementação do Parque Dona Lindu no Recife (estudo de caso), discussão essa construída a partir dos discursos de alguns representantes do poder público e da sociedade civil, no período de 2003 a 2011. Frente ao pleito da comunidade do bairro de Boa Viagem de desapropriar uma área para a construção de um parque público, a Prefeitura do Recife decide convidar o arquiteto Oscar Niemeyer para fazer o projeto do espaço público, a polêmica se estabelece porque o arquiteto propôs duas edificações de função cultural como elemento central de abrangência metropolitana que se contrapôs ao anseio de uma parcela dos moradores que clamavam por um 'parque verde'. O espaço urbano espelha as representações sociais, assim, o debate instaurado neste estudo apoiasse na noção de produção do espaço social, defendida por LEFEBVRE (2013), de espaço cotidiano, tratado por CERTEAU (1998), e direito à cidade, movimentos sociais e expressões de resistência analisadas por HARVEY (2014). Nesse processo diversos atores (poder público, sociedade civil, dentre outros) buscavam do seu bem comum, que nem sempre é comum a todos.

The Colegio Pedro II was equated to Federal Institutes of Education, Science and Technology by Law 12677 Publication of June 25, 2012. If, on the one hand, this equalization resulted in an expressive organizational restructuring, with growth of the number of educational units, in addition to the incorporation of new educational levels, on the other, this institutional growth was dissociated from efforts of standardization of administrative processes, notably, under the academic departments of different units – where it shows a variation of the process of launching notes/concepts. In order to contribute with improvements to the operation of the institution, the present article aims to map and analyse comparatively the launch process of notes/concepts in three campus of the Colegio Pedro II. Methodologically, are held in-person interviews with professionals responsible for the academic departments of the following units, Engenho Novo I, Humaita I and Realengo I, in order to obtain the necessary subsidies to support the design of the processes performed by these academic departments units. As a result, it can be verified that the processes of the academic departments are not aligned to any system of performance indicators, which motivated the proposal of a standard process for the launching of notes/concepts, as well as a performance indicators panel (KPIs).

Nos últimos anos, o Brasil tem experimentado um aumento significativo no consumo de etanol combustível, combinado com uma melhoria no preço internacional do açúcar. No período de 2000 a 2010, a área plantada com cana no país aumentou 97,59% (equivalente a 4.526.475 hectares). Estes fatos têm contribuído para uma transformação da dinâmica agrícola no bioma Cerrado (savana), apontando para uma competição entre culturas de cana-de-açúcar e outras com menor nível de investimento. Neste estudo avaliamos a expansão da cultura da cana de açúcar na região Centro-Oeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, especificamente em áreas de Cerrado, e seus impactos socioambientais para os municípios contidos na área de estudo, entre os anos de 1995 e 2010. Dentre os resultados principais, obtidos por meio de técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento, indicaram uma expansão de 130% para o plantio de cana-de-açúcar, seguido por 87% e 31% de reflorestamento e outras culturas, respectivamente. Foi detectada ainda uma redução da ordem de 19,6% da vegetação nativa, enquanto as áreas de pastagem perderam 8,5% da sua área original.

ABSTRACT - Background: The impact of health politicians' qualifications on healthcare quality has not been widely studied. Objectives: To assess whether academic qualifications and scientific output of European health decision makers correlate with healthcare quality, as well as with other developmental and scientific indices. Methods: We assessed the academic qualifications and scientific output of health ministers and state secretaries of EU member states. Based on the highest academic degree held, we created an academic score for each politician, and calculated the average academic score of each country's health politicians. Associations between the average academic score and public perception of healthcare quality and other developmental and scientific variables were tested by means of simple and multiple linear regression models. Results: Half of the politicians held qualifications in the field of health, followed by economics and management (37%) and social sciences (35%). Over the last 10 years, 28% politicians had authored publications indexed in Web of ScienceTM, mostly in the field of health. The average academic score of health European politicians was negatively correlated with both public perception of healthcare quality (ρ = –0.473; p = 0.011) and with countries' gross domestic product (GDP) per capita (ρ = –0.664; p < 0.001). In a multiple linear regression model, the GDP per capita was independently and negatively associated with the average academic score (p = 0.038), but the same was not observed for the public perception of healthcare quality (p = 0.722). Conclusions: While correlation does not imply causation, in European countries with higher GDP per capita, health politicians tend to be less qualified. ; RESUMO - Contexto: O impacto das qualificações académicas dos decisores políticos em saúde não foi ainda amplamente estudado. Objectivos: Avaliar se o perfil académico e científico dos decisores em saúde europeus se relaciona com a qualidade de prestação de cuidados de saúde, bem como com outros índices de desenvolvimento e científicos. Métodos: Efectuámos um levantamento das qualificações académicas e da produção científica dos ministros da saúde e respectivos secretários de estado dos Estadosmembros da União Europeia. Partindo do grau académico mais elevado alcançado, construiu-se um score académico para cada político e calculou-se o score académico médio para cada país. Foram construídos modelos de regressão linear para avaliar associações entre o score académico médio e a percepção pública da qualidade da prestação de cuidados de saúde e outras variáveis de desenvolvimento e científicas. Resultados: Metade dos políticos apresentavam qualificações académicas na área da saúde, seguindo-se economia e gestão (37%), e ciências sociais (35%). Nos últimos 10 anos, 28% dos políticos publicaram em revistas indexadas na Web of ScienceTM, a maioria na área da saúde. O score académico médio dos políticos Europeus em saúde correlaciona-se negativamente quer com a percepção pública da qualidade dos cuidados de saúde prestados (ρ = –0.473; p = 0.011) quer com o Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) per capita (ρ = –0.664; p < 0.001) do respectivo país. No modelo de regressão linear múltipla, o PIB per capita demonstrou uma associação negativa independente com o score académico médio (p = 0.038), mas o mesmo não foi observado para a percepção pública da qualidade da prestação de cuidados de saúde (p = 0.722). Conclusões: Embora correlação não implique causalidade, nos países Europeus com PIB per capita mais elevado, os decisores políticos em saúde tendem a apresentar menos qualificações académicas. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

The aim of this research was to evaluate the physicochemical, microbiological and bioactive quality of 'Araçá-Boi' pulps exposed to Gamma Irradiation. Manual harvesting was done in the morning, using good agricultural practices, and fruits were packed in thermal boxes and transported to the 'Laboratório de Armazenamento e Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas' of the 'Universidade Federal de Campina Grande', to obtain the pulp. The 'Araçá-Boi' pulp was irradiated in the 'Laboratório de Irradiação Gama do Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear' (CDTN), located at UFPE - Recife, PE, where three doses of Gamma Irradiation (2, 3, 4 kGy) were applied for later comparison with the non-irradiated sample (control). After irradiation, the microbiological, physicochemical parameters and the quantification of vitamin C and flavonoids were evaluated it can be observed that dose 6 is grouped in a set with differential characteristics of the other treatments, as it provided higher AA, pH, luminosity and water activity (Aw). It was observed that there was no microorganism development after irradiation in all analyzed treatments. It can be concluded that the different doses of Gamma Irradiation guaranteed the microbiological quality of the 'Araçá-Boi' pulp, remaining fit for consumption and in compliance with the Brazilian legislation. ; El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad físico-química, microbiológica y bioactiva de las pulpas de 'Araçá-Boi' expuestas a la Irradiación Gama. La recolección manual se realizó por la mañana, utilizando buenas prácticas agrícolas, y las frutas se empacaron en cajas térmicas y se transportaron al 'Laboratório de Armazenamento e Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas' da 'Universidade Federal de Campina Grande', para obtener la pulpa. La pulpa de 'Araçá-Boi' se irradió en el 'Laboratório de Irradiação Gama do Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear' (CDTN), ubicado en UFPE - Recife-PE, donde se aplicaron tres dosis de Irradiación Gama (2, 3, 4 kGy) para una comparación posterior con la muestra no irradiada (control). Después de irradiación, se evaluaron los parámetros microbiológicos, físico-químicos y la cuantificación de la vitamina C y los flavonoides, observando que la dosis 6 se agrupa en un conjunto con características diferenciales de los otros tratamientos, ya que proporciona mayor AA, pH, luminosidad y actividad de agua (Aw). Se observó que no hubo desarrollo de microorganismos después de la irradiación en todos los tratamientos analizados. Se concluye que las diferentes dosis de irradiación gamma garantizaron la calidad microbiológica de la pulpa 'Araçá-Boi', siendo aptas para el consumo y cumpliendo con la legislación brasileña. ; Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a qualidade físico-química, microbiológica e bioativa de polpas de Araçá-Boi expostas à Irradiação Gama. A colheita manual foi realizada pela manhã, utilizando boas práticas agrícolas, e as frutas foram acondicionadas em caixas térmicas e transportadas para o Laboratório de Armazenamento e Processamento de Produtos Agrícolas da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande (LAPPA/UFCG), para obtenção da polpa. A polpa de 'Araçá-Boi' foi irradiada no Laboratório de Irradiação Gama do Centro de Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Nuclear (CDTN), localizado na UFPE - Recife, PE, onde três doses de Irradiação Gama (2, 3, 4 kGy) foram aplicadas para comparação posterior com a amostra não irradiada (controle). Após a irradiação, foram avaliados os parâmetros microbiológicos, físico-químicos e a quantificação de vitamina C e flavonóides, observando-se que a dose 6 é agrupada em um conjunto com características diferenciais dos demais tratamentos, pois proporcionou maior AA, pH, luminosidade e atividade de água. Observou-se que não houve desenvolvimento de microrganismos após irradiação em todos os tratamentos analisados. Conclui-se que as diferentes doses de Irradiação Gama garantiram a qualidade microbiológica da polpa de Araçá-Boi, permanecendo aptas ao consumo e em conformidade com a legislação brasileira.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the implementation, main intervention areas and initial results of the Integrated Strategy for the Promotion of Healthy Eating (EIPAS) in Portugal. METHODS: EIPAS was published as a Law, in December of 2017, as a result of a collaboration between several ministries, including the Finance, Internal Affairs, Education, Health, Economy, Agriculture, and Sea Ministries, aiming at improving the dietary habits of the Portuguese population. The working group, led by the Ministry of Health, developed this strategy for over a year. The framework produced was based on WHO and European Commission recommendations as well as on relevant data from the last Portuguese dietary intake survey (2015/2016). EIPAS also reflects the results of a public hearing, including the food industry, among others, and the experience gathered, since 2012, through the National Programme for the Promotion of Healthy Eating. It considers the 'health in all policies' challenge set by WHO and has four different strategic areas, namely (1) creation of healthier food environments, (2) improvement of the quality and accessibility of healthy food choices for consumers, (3) promotion and development of literacy, in order to encourage healthy food choices, and (4) promotion of innovation and entrepreneurship. In order to achieve these goals, a set of 51 actions was established and assigned to the seven ministries involved. RESULTS: Under the scope of this strategy, Portugal has already implemented several actions, including (1) definition of standards for food availability at all public healthcare institutions; (2) implementation of a sugar tax on sweetened beverages; (3) implementation of a voluntary agreement with the food industry sector for food reformulation (work in progress); (4) design of a proposal for an interpretative model of front-of-pack food labelling; (5) improvement of the nutritional quality of food aid programmes for low-income groups; and (6) regulation of marketing of unhealthy foods to children. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time, Portugal has a nutrition policy based on the WHO concept of 'health in all policies' and on the national data on food intake. The implementing process of all 51 actions and the inherent complexities and difficulties found so far have made this process be an authentic political and social laboratory that deserves to be followed. ; publishersversion ; published

Objective: To model the reduction in premature deaths attributed to noncommunicable diseases if targets for reformulation of processed food agreed between the Portuguese health ministry and the food industry were met. Methods: The 2015 co-regulation agreement sets voluntary targets for reducing sugar, salt and trans-fatty acids in a range of products by 2021. We obtained government data on dietary intake in 2015-2016 and on population structure and deaths from four major noncommunicable diseases over 1990-2016. We used the Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl tool to estimate the deaths averted if reformulation targets were met in full. We projected future trends in noncommunicable disease deaths using regression modelling and assessed whether Portugal was on track to reduce baseline premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases in the year 2010 by 25% by 2025, and by 30% before 2030. Findings: If reformulation targets were met, we projected reductions in intake in 2015-2016 for salt from 7.6 g/day to 7.1 g/day; in total energy from 1911 kcal/day to 1897 kcal/day due to reduced sugar intake; and in total fat (% total energy) from 30.4% to 30.3% due to reduced trans-fat intake. This consumption profile would result in 248 fewer premature noncommunicable disease deaths (95% CI: 178 to 318) in 2016. We projected that full implementation of the industry agreement would reduce the risk of premature death from 11.0% in 2016 to 10.7% by 2021. Conclusion: The co-regulation agreement could save lives and reduce the risk of premature death in Portugal. Nevertheless, the projected impact on mortality was insufficient to meet international targets.

© Copyright World Health Organization (WHO). Some rights reserved. ; Objective: To model the reduction in premature deaths attributed to noncommunicable diseases if targets for reformulation of processed food agreed between the Portuguese health ministry and the food industry were met. Methods: The 2015 co-regulation agreement sets voluntary targets for reducing sugar, salt and trans-fatty acids in a range of products by 2021. We obtained government data on dietary intake in 2015–2016 and on population structure and deaths from four major noncommunicable diseases over 1990–2016. We used the Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl tool to estimate the deaths averted if reformulation targets were met in full. We projected future trends in noncommunicable disease deaths using regression modelling and assessed whether Portugal was on track to reduce baseline premature deaths from noncommunicable diseases in the year 2010 by 25% by 2025, and by 30% before 2030. Findings: If reformulation targets were met, we projected reductions in intake in 2015–2016 for salt from 7.6 g/day to 7.1 g/day; in total energy from 1911 kcal/day to 1897 kcal/day due to reduced sugar intake; and in total fat (% total energy) from 30.4% to 30.3% due to reduced trans-fat intake. This consumption profile would result in 248 fewer premature noncommunicable disease deaths (95% CI: 178 to 318) in 2016. We projected that full implementation of the industry agreement would reduce the risk of premature death from 11.0% in 2016 to 10.7% by 2021. Conclusion: The co-regulation agreement could save lives and reduce the risk of premature death in Portugal. Nevertheless, the projected impact on mortality was insufficient to meet international targets. ; The WHO Regional Office for Europe and the Portuguese government funded this study. ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Comparative Study ; Background: Excessive consumption of sugar has a well-established link with obesity. Preliminary results show that a tax levied on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) by the Portuguese government in 2017 led to a drop in sales and reformulation of these products. This study models the impact the market changes triggered by the tax levied on SSBs had on obesity incidence across various age groups in Portugal. Methods and findings: We performed a national market analysis and population-wide modelling study using market data for the years 2014-2018 from the Portuguese Association of Non-Alcoholic Drinks (GlobalData and Nielsen Consumer Panel), dietary data from a national survey (IAN-AF 2015-2016), and obesity incidence data from several cohort studies. Dietary energy density from SSBs was calculated by dividing the energy content (kcal/gram) of all SSBs by the total food consumption (in grams). We used the potential impact fraction (PIF) equation to model the projected impact of the tax-triggered change in sugar consumption on obesity incidence, through both volume reduction and reformulation. Results showed a reduction of 6.6 million litres of SSBs sold per year. Product reformulation led to a decrease in the average energy density of SSBs by 3.1 kcal/100 ml. This is estimated to have prevented around 40-78 cases of obesity per year between 2016 and 2018, with the biggest projected impact observed in adolescents 10 to <18 years old. The model shows that the implementation of this tax allowed for a 4 to 8 times larger projected impact against obesity than would be achieved though reformulation alone. The main limitation of this study is that the model we used includes data from various sources, which can result in biases-despite our efforts to mitigate them-related to the methodological differences between these sources. Conclusions: The tax triggered both a reduction in demand and product reformulation. These, together, can reduce obesity levels among frequent consumers of SSBs. Such taxation is an effective population-wide intervention. Reformulation alone, without the decrease in sales, would have had a far smaller effect on obesity incidence in the Portuguese population. ; Infrastructure support for this research was provided by the NIHR Imperial Biomedical Research Centre (BRC). ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion