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The article surveys the major contemporary explanations of migration, starting with the neoclassical theory & then the array of theories & conceptual frameworks that have flourished in the last quarter of the century. The survey highlights the fact that in its relatively short history, theorizing about migration has taken the form of a string of separate, generally unconnected theories, models, conceptual frameworks, & empirical generalizations, rather than a cumulative sequence of contributions. As a whole, existing theories of migration can be faulted for focusing almost exclusively on the explanation of the causes of migration, to the detriment of other dimensions; for making "grand claims" out of proportion with effective explanatory power; & for providing explanations ex post rather than guiding empirical research & providing testable hypotheses. In addition to the difficulties that all the social sciences experience when trying to explain human behavior, migration theories face special ones: its subject matter is hard to define, difficult to measure, extremely multifaceted & multiform, & thus resistant to theory building. While the reservoir of theories, & especially of conceptual frameworks, available nowadays represents a clear improvement over the situation a few decades ago, their contribution to our knowledge of migration is still limited. 25 References. Adapted from the source document.

Gelişmiş ülkeler bugün, uluslararası göçün etkisiyle çeşitli ve çok kavimli bir yapıya ulaştılar. Uluslararası göçü açıklayan tek ve kapsamlı kuramsal açıklama henüz mevcut değil. Bu tartışmanın amacı çeşitli modellerin temel varsayımlarını ve hipotezlerini netleştirmek ve bütüncül bir biçimde sunabilmekti. Kuramlar göçün başlangıcı ve daha sonra uluslararası yaygınlaşmasını açıklamaya çalışanlar olarak ayrışmışlardı. Başlangıç kuramları arasında şunlar vardır: 1) yeni klasik ekonominin makro kuramı; 2) yeni klasik ekonominin mikro kuramları; 3) hasat sigorta piyasalarına, vadeli işlem piyasalarına, işsizlik sigortasına ve sermaye piyasalarına atıfta bulunan yeni ekonomi kuramı; 4) çifte pazar kuramı ve yapısal enflasyon, motivasyon sorunları, ekonomik dualizm ve emek arzının demografisi; ve 5) dünya sistemleri kuramı ve toprak, ham madde, emek, maddi bağlar, ideolojik bağlar ve küresel şehirler. Yaygınlaşma kuramları ise azalan risk ve maliyetlere vurgu yapan ağlar kuramı; kurumsal kuram; gelir ve toprak dağıtımı, tarımsal üretimin örgütlenmesi, göç kültürü, beşeri sermayenin bölgesel dağılımı, ve toplumsal adlandırma faktörleri üzerinden tartışılan biriken- kümülatif nedensellik; ve göç sistemleri kuramını kapsar. Bu kuramların varsayım ve önermeleri farklı olsa da esas olarak birbiriyle çelişmezler ancak çok farklı siyasetlerin oluşmasına yol açmışlardır. Önümüzdeki on yıllarda verilecek siyasi kararlar çok önemli olacak ve yanlış anlamalara ve çatışmalara yol açma potansiyeli taşımaktadırlar. Bu modellere dayanarak göç edilen ülkelerdeki ücret ve istihdam şartlarının düzenlenmesine yönelebilen siyasetler oluşturulabilir veya köken ülkelerde pazar ekonomisinin yapısal değişimini öngören kalkınmayı teşvik edici siyasetlere yol açılabilir. ENGLISH TITLETheories of International Migration: A Review and AppraisalENGLISH ABSTRACTThe configuration of developed countries has become today diverse and multiethnic, due to international migration. A single, coherent theoretical explanation for international migration is lacking. The aim of this discussion was the generation and integration of current theories that clarify basic assumptions and hypotheses of the various models. Theories were differentiated as explaining the initiation of migration and the perpetuation of international movement. Initiation theories discussed were 1) macro theories of neoclassical economics; 2) micro theories of neoclassical economics; 3) the new economics, with examples for crop insurance markets, futures markets, unemployment insurance, and capital markets; 4) dual labor market theory and structural inflation, motivational problems, economic dualism, and the demography of labor supply; and 5) world systems theory and the impacts of land, raw materials, labor, material links, ideological links, and global cities. Perpetuation theories were indicated as network theories of declining risks and costs; institutional theory, cumulative causation through distribution of income and land, organization of agrarian production, culture of migration regional distribution of human capital, and social labeling factors; and migration systems theory. The assumptions and propositions of these theories, although divergent, were not inherently contradictory, but had very different implications for policy formulation. The policy decisions over the next decades will be very important and carry with them the potential for misunderstanding and conflict. Policy options based on the explicated models range from regulation by changing wages and employment conditions in destination countries or promoting development in countries of origin to changing structural market economic relations.

Examines contemporary theories of international migration that focus on the commencement of international movement & why certain transnational population flows persist across space & time. A detailed look at each individual theory is followed by a comparison of the different conceptual frameworks that points out areas of logical inconsistency & substantive disagreement. The models are empirically evaluated in order to move toward the formation of an accurate & comprehensive theory of international migration for the 21st century. Specific models considered include micro & macro theories of neoclassical economics; dual labor market theory; cumulative causation theory; world systems theory; network theory; institutional theory; & migration system theory. The various conceptual schemes are evaluated to show that theories aimed at understanding contemporary processes of international migration exhibit causal mechanisms that operate at widely divergent levels of analysis that have very different implications for policy formation. Emphasis is placed on the need to integrate these theoretical schemes in light of their relative empirical support. References. J. Lindroth