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gabrielaraujo@um.edu.mo ABSTRACT. This study describes the toponymic profile of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), a former Portuguese colony. Here, we consider (i) its linguistic contact situation, reflected in the toponyms of non-Portuguese etyma (mainly from national languages), and (ii) the structure of the toponymic syntagma in Portuguese. Toponyms are created according to a place's geographic, social, historical, and linguistic reality. Therefore, STP's toponyms are the locus of the Santomean linguistic ecology and memory. Due to its linguistic diversity, the study of Santomean toponymy is transdisciplinary. It contributes to understanding different languages that share São Tomé and Príncipe's ethnicity and linguistic heritage, including multilingual synchronic and/or diachronic conjunctures and the political importance of Portuguese. STP's toponymy expresses a multilingual conjuncture common to the country since the arrival of the Portuguese and (mainly) enslaved Africans from different regions of Africa. Although the Portuguese language and culture have influenced most local toponymy, the Santomean toponymic profile contains endemic linguistic and cultural specificities. Thus, natural phenomena, along with political and historical events, among others, play a role in forming toponyms and characterizing the local toponymy as unique. ; gabrielaraujo@um.edu.mo ABSTRACT. This study describes the toponymic profile of the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP), a former Portuguese colony. Here, we consider (i) its linguistic contact situation, reflected in the toponyms of non-Portuguese etyma (mainly from national languages), and (ii) the structure of the toponymic syntagma in Portuguese. Toponyms are created according to a place's geographic, social, historical, and linguistic reality. Therefore, STP's toponyms are the locus of the Santomean linguistic ecology and memory. Due to its linguistic diversity, the study of Santomean toponymy is transdisciplinary. It contributes to understanding different languages that share São Tomé and Príncipe's ethnicity and linguistic heritage, including multilingual synchronic and/or diachronic conjunctures and the political importance of Portuguese. STP's toponymy expresses a multilingual conjuncture common to the country since the arrival of the Portuguese and (mainly) enslaved Africans from different regions of Africa. Although the Portuguese language and culture have influenced most local toponymy, the Santomean toponymic profile contains endemic linguistic and cultural specificities. Thus, natural phenomena, along with political and historical events, among others, play a role in forming toponyms and characterizing the local toponymy as unique.

Resumo Apresentamos os recursos linguísticos para a realização de perguntas polares em fa d'Ambô (FA), a partir de um corpus formado por dados obtidos na Guiné Equatorial. Discutimos o (i) uso da partícula interrogativa final a; e a (ii) associação de pitch-accent frasal à última mora da palavra prosódica final da sentença, com alteração do acento da palavra e elevação da entonação, padrão linguístico não documentado, embora previsto por Gordon (2014). A interrogativa faculta o uso da partícula a para perguntas polares, porém seu uso não é licenciado em perguntas-QU. Trabalhos anteriores não abordaram essa questão (Barrena, 1957; Post, 1995; Zamora, 2010) ou afirmaram que as interrogativas polares eram construídas como as declarativas (Post, 1995). Argumentamos que, em FA, palavras acentuadas ao final da sentença interrogativa polar diferem daquelas que ocorrem em outras posições e que o pitch-accent é atraído ao limite direito da sentença, padrão não documentado em uma língua de sistema top-down (Gordon, 2014). Destacando o fato de a partícula final a ocorrer em FA e em outros crioulos de base portuguesa do Golfo da Guiné, oferecemos evidências para sua presença no Proto-Crioulo do Golfo da Guiné, bem como da influência das línguas do substrato Níger-Congo, sobretudo aquelas do cinturão sudanês.