Suchergebnisse

ABSTRACTUsing US cross‐sectional data, this paper calculates the welfare cost of a 10 percent inflation for different individuals and finds that the difference in cost between the poorest 20 percent, measured by their net worth, and the richest 20 percent is in the order of 102 percent. That is, a poor person is on average willing to forgive 102 percent more of their total consumption in order to have inflation reduced from 10 percent to 0. In absolute terms this represents a cost of 0.461 percent of consumption for the poorest and 0.228 percent for the richest. I accomplish this by introducing preference heterogeneity in a monetary search model first developed by Lagos and Wright, and calibrate the model to match each agent's type of cash holdings, approximated by their holdings in transactional accounts that bear almost no interest, as a fraction of their net worth using data from the Survey of Consumer Finances. I also show that this welfare difference increases to 130 percent (2.28 percent for the poorest 20 percent and 0.992 percent for the richest 20 percent) whenever frictions in the use of money are imposed (holdup problem). This distributional effect is further augmented if more frictions in the terms of trade are present. The ability to explicitly model these frictions is the advantage of using this model. Hence, inflation in this framework, as other studies have shown, acts as a regressive consumption tax; and this regressiveness is augmented with the holdup problem.

Cet article se propose d'étudier la manière selon laquelle l'internationalisation du milieu bancaire helvétique a transformé les carrières de ses élites bancaires. En combinant une analyse des correspondances multiples des dirigeants des 37 plus grandes banques suisses en 2010 avec une analyse qualitative fondée sur des données prosopographiques et des entretiens biographiques, nous montrons que les carrières des dirigeants bancaires sont polarisées par une opposition entre des élites transnationales et des élites nationales. Les élites transnationales, évoluant dans des grands groupes, se caractérisent par une forte mobilité internationale, sous forme de séjours de formation et d'expériences professionnelles à l'étranger, tandis que les élites nationales, évoluant dans des structures moins financiarisées, se distinguent par un ancrage régional.

AbstractOver the last two decades, a growing literature has examined the emergence of a transnational business elite. However, the pathways of transnational mobility have not been fully characterized. In this article, we use a combination of sequence analysis and the concept of a career script to investigate the geographical mapping and organizational contexts in which transnational mobility occurs. To achieve this, we rely on a database of 186 executives from the 28 largest Swiss banks, as well as 20 interviews with chief human resource officers and 15 interviews with banking executives. Our findings contribute to relativize and differentiate the phenomenon of transnationalization of business elites by underlining the importance of the career context and by identifying distinct interpretations of international career resources according to different types of banks.

This paper argues for the need to recast Social Structures of Accumulation (SSA) debates regarding the relevance of contradictions other than that between capital and labor, as well as regarding the terms of the political struggle in times of SSA decay, in the light of the concepts of overdetermination and hegemony. To that extent, it introduces the notions of "necessary social peace for surplus-value extraction" and "accumulation of unsatisfied demands over the accumulation process."

Según la tradición de la CEPAL, la heterogeneidad estructural es una de las. - principales causas de la desigual distribución del ingreso en América Latina.. - Desde esa perspectiva, las políticas industriales deben orientarse a modificar. - la estructura productiva, incorporando el progreso técnico e incrementando los. - niveles de productividad. Las simulaciones realizadas con matrices de insumo-producto. - brasileñas permiten evaluar y descubrir los efectos que los cambios en. - la estructura productiva producen en la distribución funcional del ingreso y el nivel. - de empleo en el ciclo económico más reciente. Dichas simulaciones se convierten. - en una importante herramienta para formular políticas industriales que propicien,. - conjuntamente, altas tasas de crecimiento y superación de las desigualdades. Las. - estimaciones realizadas permitieron descubrir que una mayor participación de los. - sectores intensivos en ingeniería puede contribuir al logro de mejores resultados. - en términos distributivos, a una mayor participación salarial en el producto y a la. - creación de más empleo. (Rev CEPAL/GIGA)

El presente artículo explora las similitudes y discrepancias existentes en las reflexiones políticas de Jacques Rancière y Ernesto Laclau. En particular, su postulación de una figura antagónica o conflictiva en el seno de sus reflexiones políticas, su entendimiento de lo político como constitutivo de la objetividad social, y su concepción del sujeto político constituido mediante una coimplicación entre el particular y el universal, serán objeto de análisis. A través del itinerario teórico propuesto, se prestará especial atención a aquellos puntos en que sus respectivos enfoques entren en discordancia. La consideración conjunta de sus puntos de vista, se argumenta, permite resolver ciertas problemáticas identificadas en cada uno.

This paper aims to better understand the relationship between HIV knowledge and media exposure in India. We use a two-stage hurdle model to estimate the effect of media sources such as newspapers, radios and television on AIDS-related knowledge among Indian men and women using demographic health survey data. Overall, access to newspapers, radio, or television increases the likelihood of better HIV knowledge in both males and females by an order between 2% and 12%. These findings, albeit quantitatively small, suggest, even if indirectly, possible problems faced by AIDS campaigns and government programs in combating the HIV epidemic in India.

PurposeHIV prevention campaigns have focused on condom distribution and the dissemination of HIV‐related knowledge, with the goal to reduce risky sexual behavior. However, very little empirical work has been done to reveal any possible association between HIV‐related knowledge and risky sexual behavior. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to estimate such associations, using demographic health survey data for India.Design/methodology/approachThe authors estimate multiple binary response models and calculate average partial effects of every treatment (HIV‐related knowledge) on the outcome variable (risky sexual behavior) controlling for socioeconomic characteristics, location of residence, and state specific effects.FindingsUsing data from the third wave of the national demographic survey, it is found that better HIV‐related knowledge does not always promote safer sexual practices. While, better HIV knowledge increases the likelihood of condom use, it also increases the likelihood of pre‐marital sex, and reduces the likelihood of abstinence. These effects are much stronger for males when compared to females. These results also suggest, albeit indirectly, that informational and condom distribution campaigns are not necessarily promoting safer sexual practices in India.Research limitations/implicationsOne possible limitation of this study is the possibility of endogeneity bias due to omitted variables or reverse causality. The authors follow the literature in the use of controls and interpreted results with caution.Originality/valueThe paper is believed to be the first to derive empirical results relating HIV knowledge and risky sexual behaviour, using a population‐based survey for India.