Suchergebnisse

International audience ; Defining non governmental organizations (NGOs) and foundations, the entry outlines a global picture of the non-profit sector, emphasising the activities privileged in each major region through the analysis of the actions of NGOs and foundations. Then it examines various experiences and trajectories of these organizations' development at the local and national level. Finally it critically reviews actions of international NGOs and foundations that operate at inter-country or global level. It concludes on the importance of a real partnership between public authorities, NGOs and foundations to cope with the 21th century's main societal and global risks. ; Après avoir défini les deux termes, organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) et fondations, cette entrée dresse un panorama du secteur sans but lucratif dans le monde en insistant sur les domaines principaux d"activité dans chaque grande région à travers les actions des ONG st des fondations. Ensuite on examine les diverses expérience et trajectoires de ces organisations au plan territorial et national en donnant deux exemples en encadré. Finalement on fait une analyse critique de l'action international des ONG et des fondations qui opèrent dans plusieurs pays du Nord et du Sud . En conclusion , on insiste sur l'importance d'un partenariat réel entre les pouvoirs publics ou les organisations internationales ei les ONG et les fondations pour répondre aux principaux problème et affronter les risques principaux du vingt et unième siècle

International audience ; Defining non governmental organizations (NGOs) and foundations, the entry outlines a global picture of the non-profit sector, emphasising the activities privileged in each major region through the analysis of the actions of NGOs and foundations. Then it examines various experiences and trajectories of these organizations' development at the local and national level. Finally it critically reviews actions of international NGOs and foundations that operate at inter-country or global level. It concludes on the importance of a real partnership between public authorities, NGOs and foundations to cope with the 21th century's main societal and global risks. ; Après avoir défini les deux termes, organisations non gouvernementales (ONG) et fondations, cette entrée dresse un panorama du secteur sans but lucratif dans le monde en insistant sur les domaines principaux d"activité dans chaque grande région à travers les actions des ONG st des fondations. Ensuite on examine les diverses expérience et trajectoires de ces organisations au plan territorial et national en donnant deux exemples en encadré. Finalement on fait une analyse critique de l'action international des ONG et des fondations qui opèrent dans plusieurs pays du Nord et du Sud . En conclusion , on insiste sur l'importance d'un partenariat réel entre les pouvoirs publics ou les organisations internationales ei les ONG et les fondations pour répondre aux principaux problème et affronter les risques principaux du vingt et unième siècle

International audience ; After a brief history of French civil society and its relationship with the State and the Church, highlighting the main similarities and differences with other European countries, the landscape of French civil society and religious communities nowadays is sketched out, while their relationships with the State are presented according to their components. Finally, the chapter focuses on the most conflictual part of French civil society, namely education, which has been the sources of a recurrent "school war" between the Church and the State. The conclusion notes that France is now a welfare partnership country as its Continental neighbours, even if relationships with religious communities are less developed.

International audience ; After a brief history of French civil society and its relationship with the State and the Church, highlighting the main similarities and differences with other European countries, the landscape of French civil society and religious communities nowadays is sketched out, while their relationships with the State are presented according to their components. Finally, the chapter focuses on the most conflictual part of French civil society, namely education, which has been the sources of a recurrent "school war" between the Church and the State. The conclusion notes that France is now a welfare partnership country as its Continental neighbours, even if relationships with religious communities are less developed.

International audience ; This chapter highlights the evolution of foundations in France since 1995. First the changes in the government foudations relationship and their legal background is examined. Is France catching up its European neighbours in the development of the philanthropic sphere? This question is discussed through the analysis of the most recent time series on the different forms of foundations. It concludes on the fact that associations, a preferred form of organisation by the French, remains challengers. In addition the French consider foundations as opaque and undemocratic organisations ; Ce chapitre analyse l'évolution récente des fondations en France qui marque une rupture de tendance au début des années 2000. La France va-t-elle enfin connaître le "printemps des fondations" qui a marqué le reste de l'Europe dans les années 1980-90? Par rapport au début de la période les obstacles juridique ont disparu dans la première décennie de ce siècle et la méfiance séculaire d'un Etat soucieux de déterminer l'intérêt général a régressé. L'évolution du nombre de fondations et de leur emploi selon les plus récentes statistiques est ensuite comparée avec celle des associations dont le nombre et l'emploi stagnent depuis 2008. Néanmoins les associations gardent la préférence des français qui considèrent les fondations comme des organisations peu transparentes et peu démocratique, comme le souligne la controverse qui a suivi l'élan philanthropique après l'incendie de Notre-Dame en 2019.

International audience ; profit sector throughout its millennial history. Ап analysis of the French civil society nowadays is made on the basis of the System of nationalaccounts concept using the most recent statistics on this sector ignored by the statistical system two decades ago. The number, size and human resources of civil society organizations (CSOs) are analysed first, then - their financial resources by public and private origin and theireconomic contribution and social impact .The final part of the research deals with recent1 trends and issues. The evolution of the French non-profit sector during the Millenniumdecade is outlined. Then focuses on the impact of the financial, economic and social crisis on the French third sector is highlighted.The sharing of educational, health and social services provision between the state, the local governments and the civil society obviouslydepends on functions that have been devolved to local governments as well as on the level of externalization or subcontracting which authoritiesconsider to be relevant. Recourse to the non-profit sector makes it possible to reduce public employment, which is very high in France. Grassroots associations provide local services adapted to the local population through voluntary work. That is the reason why the central and localgovernments and social security affords an almost total financing to the welfare CSOs and a partial financing to the others while the publicsector regulates the CSOs and guarantees universal access to the services provided as well as the equal treatment of all users.The whole civil society sector - associations and foundations - is currently looking for its place in the public sphere, either in closepartnership with public authorities or within the social and solidarity economy with the cooperatives and the mutual societies. Civil societyorganizations have demonstrated ; В статье описаны две долгосрочные тенденции, оказавшие значительное влияние на развитие некоммерческих организаций (НКО) Франции на протяжении всей его тысячелетней истории. Анализируется современное состояние гражданского общества Франции с использованием методов системы национальных счетов и на основе последних статистических данных о НКО, которые еще два десятилетия назад не учитывались статистической системой. Исследуются численность, размер и человеческие ресурсы НКО, их финансовые ресурсы, а также их экономический вклад и воздействие на общество. Заключительная часть статьи посвящена описанию современных тенденций и проблем в этой сфере. Представлен анализ эволюции французского некоммерческого сектора в течение последнего десятилетия. Выявлено влияние финансового, экономического и социального кризиса на НКО Франции. Распределение предоставления образовательных, медицинских и социальных услуг домашним хозяйствам между государством, местными органами власти и гражданским обществом зависит от функций, которые были переданы местным органам власти, а также от уровня экстернализации или субподряда, которые власти считают актуальными. Привлечение некоммерческого сектора позволяет снизить уровень занятости в секторе государственного управления, который во Франции очень высок. Ассоциации, связанные с деятельностью общин, предоставляют свои услуги местному населению на общественных началах. По этой причине центральные и местные органы власти и органы социального обеспечения осуществляют почти полное финансирование социальных НКО и частичное финансирование других типов НКО, в то время как сектор государственного управления регулирует НКО и гарантирует всеобщий доступ к предоставляемым ими услугам, а также равный (справедливый) доступ к ним всех пользователей.

International audience ; profit sector throughout its millennial history. Ап analysis of the French civil society nowadays is made on the basis of the System of nationalaccounts concept using the most recent statistics on this sector ignored by the statistical system two decades ago. The number, size and human resources of civil society organizations (CSOs) are analysed first, then - their financial resources by public and private origin and theireconomic contribution and social impact .The final part of the research deals with recent1 trends and issues. The evolution of the French non-profit sector during the Millenniumdecade is outlined. Then focuses on the impact of the financial, economic and social crisis on the French third sector is highlighted.The sharing of educational, health and social services provision between the state, the local governments and the civil society obviouslydepends on functions that have been devolved to local governments as well as on the level of externalization or subcontracting which authoritiesconsider to be relevant. Recourse to the non-profit sector makes it possible to reduce public employment, which is very high in France. Grassroots associations provide local services adapted to the local population through voluntary work. That is the reason why the central and localgovernments and social security affords an almost total financing to the welfare CSOs and a partial financing to the others while the publicsector regulates the CSOs and guarantees universal access to the services provided as well as the equal treatment of all users.The whole civil society sector - associations and foundations - is currently looking for its place in the public sphere, either in closepartnership with public authorities or within the social and solidarity economy with the cooperatives and the mutual societies. Civil societyorganizations have demonstrated ; В статье описаны две долгосрочные тенденции, оказавшие значительное влияние на развитие некоммерческих организаций (НКО) Франции на протяжении ...

International audience ; This chapter highlights the evolution of foundations in France since 1995. First the changes in the government foudations relationship and their legal background is examined. Is France catching up its European neighbours in the development of the philanthropic sphere? This question is discussed through the analysis of the most recent time series on the different forms of foundations. It concludes on the fact that associations, a preferred form of organisation by the French, remains challengers. In addition the French consider foundations as opaque and undemocratic organisations ; Ce chapitre analyse l'évolution récente des fondations en France qui marque une rupture de tendance au début des années 2000. La France va-t-elle enfin connaître le "printemps des fondations" qui a marqué le reste de l'Europe dans les années 1980-90? Par rapport au début de la période les obstacles juridique ont disparu dans la première décennie de ce siècle et la méfiance séculaire d'un Etat soucieux de déterminer l'intérêt général a régressé. L'évolution du nombre de fondations et de leur emploi selon les plus récentes statistiques est ensuite comparée avec celle des associations dont le nombre et l'emploi stagnent depuis 2008. Néanmoins les associations gardent la préférence des français qui considèrent les fondations comme des organisations peu transparentes et peu démocratique, comme le souligne la controverse qui a suivi l'élan philanthropique après l'incendie de Notre-Dame en 2019.

AbstractPublic services have been externalised, in part, to the non‐profit sector in France and in the United Kingdom. This article begins by reviewing relations between the public and non‐profit sector in France before 2008, and its evolution since. This has been characterised by the slow reduction of public funding, the adaptation of non‐profit associations and organisations, and their clearer positioning within a wider 'social and solidarity economy', which was consolidated by a framework Law in 2014. The article then examines the current sharing of responsibilities between the public and non‐profit sectors in education, health and social services, pointing to the diverse historical and political conditions which have led to this shared organisation.

International audience ; Public services have been externalised, in part, to the non-profit sector in France and in the United Kingdom. This article begins by reviewing relations between the public and non-profit sector in France before 2008, and its evolution since. This has been characterised by the slow reduction of public funding, the adaptation of non-profit associations and organisations, and their clearer positioning within a wider 'social and solidarity economy', which was consolidated by a framework Law in 2014. The article then examines the current sharing of responsibilities between the public and non-profit sectors in education, health and social services, pointing to the diverse historical and political conditions which have led to this shared organisation.

International audience ; Public services have been externalised, in part, to the non-profit sector in France and in the United Kingdom. This article begins by reviewing relations between the public and non-profit sector in France before 2008, and its evolution since. This has been characterised by the slow reduction of public funding, the adaptation of non-profit associations and organisations, and their clearer positioning within a wider 'social and solidarity economy', which was consolidated by a framework Law in 2014. The article then examines the current sharing of responsibilities between the public and non-profit sectors in education, health and social services, pointing to the diverse historical and political conditions which have led to this shared organisation.

Dans un point préliminaire on présente le cadre théorique de cette comparaison, la théorie institutionnaliste des origines sociales. Puis l'article montrera que les relations entre pouvoirs publics et institutions sans but lucratif en France et dans trois pays continentaux de l'Ouest européen, l''Allemagne, les Pays-Bas et l'Italie, partagent de nombreux traits communs : un tiers secteur important avec un financement public substantiel avec des partenariats hérité de l'histoire et favorisés par la décentralisation. En revanche, la Pologne, archétype des pays d'Europe orientale, peine à entrer dans la culture partenariale.Le rôle des institutions européennes vis à vis de ces partenariats demeure ambigu. Dans un second temps le papier s'attache aux évolutions récentes qui tendent vers davantage de convergence : les spécificités nationales ont tendance à s'effacer depuis le début de ce siècle. car les pays font face aux mêmes défis socio-démographiques et à la même crise économique et financière génératrice de politiques d'austérité budgétaire depuis 2007. La réduction des financements publics, mais aussi la diffusion du new public management et l'isomorphisme institutionnel génèré par l'adoption des mêmes outils partenariaux renforce donc la convergence des modèles de relations entre pouvoirs publics et institutions sans but lucratifs de ces pays européens