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We estimate the monetary value of a policy aimed at increasing rural co-operative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production. We analyse the drivers associated with public support for such policy using the contingent valuation method. The role of individuals' psychological aspects, based on the reasoned action approach, along with individuals' views on the country's past regime (i.e., to the former Soviet Union), their awareness about the governmental policy, their sociodemographic characteristics, and household location on their willingness to pay (WTP) for the policy is analysed using an interval regression model. Additionally, we examine changes in individuals' WTP before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The estimated total economic value of the policy is KZT 1335 bn for the length of the program at KZT 267 bn per year, which is approximately half the total program budget, which includes other interventions beyond the creation of production co-operatives. The total economic value of the policy would equal the cost of the whole program after 10 years, indicating public support for this policy amongst Kazakh citizens. Psychological factors, i.e., attitude, perceived social pressure, and perceived behavioural control, and the respondents' awareness of the policy and views on the Soviet Union regime are associated with their WTP. Sociodemographic factors, namely, age, income, and education, are also statistically significant. Finally, the effect of the shocks of COVID-19 is negatively associated with the respondents' WTP.

The government of Kazakhstan is currently developing strategies and policies to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level to increase milk processing capacity. We use and expand the Reasoned Action Approach as a framework to study the factors underlying rural household's motivation to participate in a governmental programme aimed at increasing rural cooperative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production using primary data acquired from 181 randomly selected dairy households in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. We account for rural household's psychological factors and socio-demographic characteristics along with household's risk attitudes, production structure, level of information about the government support programme and cooperatives, cultural aspects as well as the household's proximity to the main market. A Bivariate Probit model is used to jointly estimate the impact of these factors on rural household's intention to join and create a cooperative. The results show that rural households which hold positive views towards cooperatives, have a relatively high production capacity, are aware/know of cooperatives, and do not have a dairy business as a source of household income are relatively keen to participate in collective actions. Perceived social norms and household' risk attitudes also play a significant role rural household's intention to participate in collective actions. Finally, gender and nationality are found to be positively associated with joining and creating a cooperative, while higher educated rural households are found to be less motivated to participate in the programme. In order to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level through a policy that encourages collective action we recommend a policy that a) supports rural households which have the capacity to produce and are in need; b) is attractive to rural households which consider dairy as a source of income and c) is well disseminated and well explained to the targeted rural households.

59 79 16 1 ; SWORD ; [EN] We apply the recent generalized sup augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) test for explosive bubbles (Phillips et al., 2012) to monthly time-series for food, beverages, agricultural raw material, cereals, dairy, meat, oils and sugar indices and a total of 28 agricultural commodities between 1980-2012. We found price bubbles occurred for 6 out of the 10 indices studied and for 6 out of the 28 commodities within food markets. Results from the tests can help implementing policies aimed at mitigating effects of future price bubbles to targeted food commodity markets that may require special attention. Areal, FJ.; Balcombe, K.; Rapsomanikis, G. (2016). Testing for bubbles in agriculture commodity markets. Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales - Agricultural and Resource Economics. 16(1):59-79. doi:10.7201/earn.2016.01.04. ; [ES] Aquí aplicamos un test estadístico recientemente desarrollado para la identificación de bur-bujas explosivas, generalized sup augmented Dickey-Fuller (GSADF) test (Phillips et al., 2012) a series temporales mensuales de indicadores de precios de alimentos, bebidas, materias primas agrícolas, cere-ales, productos lácteos, productos cárnicos, aceites y azúcar así como para un total de 28 productos agrí-colas durante el período 1980-2012. Se han encontrado burbujas en los precios para 6 de los 10 índices y para 6 de los 28 productos alimenticios estudiados. Los resultados de estos tests pueden ayudar a llevar a cabo políticas que tengan como objetivo mitigar los efectos de futuras burbujas explosivas en mercados de productos agrícolas identificados como aquellos puedan requerir una atención especial.

In this article we investigate the effects of the European CAP reform on a selection of arable crops in England, both at a regional and national level. The results show that the CAP reform will push farmers to adjust to the new market conditions, which will cause a further restructuring of the English agricultural business sector. Our results show that, under the new market conditions, economically‐small farms will increase their output by allocating more land to cereals, whereas economically‐large farms will need to decrease land allocated to cereals to reduce production costs and achieve better returns. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010

In this article we investigate the effects of the European CAP reform on a selection of arable crops in England, both at a regional and national level. The results show that the CAP reform will push farmers to adjust to the new market conditions, which will cause a further restructuring of the English agricultural business sector. Our results show that, under the new market conditions, economically‐small farms will increase their output by allocating more land to cereals, whereas economically‐large farms will need to decrease land allocated to cereals to reduce production costs and achieve better returns. First Published Online: 14 Oct 2010