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This study discusses the Regional Government Strategy in the Management of Balang-Balang Traditional Market in Gowa Regency and knows the things that influence the strategies of the local government in Balang-Balang Traditional Market Management in Gowa Regency. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained from interviews and observations were then analyzed by looking at regional government program strategies in Balang-Balang market management along with the inhibiting factors found in this study. The activities in data analysis in this study are data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the research show that there are programs implemented by the local government, one of them is business development and trade facilities that highlight market planning and revitalization efforts, the Gowa Regency government's strategy of prioritizing the improvement of public market facilities in order to operate the process of repairing facilities prioritizing parking facilities causing congestion problems. in the area of the road near the market but the achievement of the objective for price stability in traditional markets is well controlled. In the aspects of leadership, motivation and communication system, there is a process of interaction between the market manager and the Trade Industry Office to check if there is a procedural mismatch.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menjelaskan latar belakang masuknya Belanda di Kerajaan Tellu Limpoe, (2) Menjelaskan alasan Massalinri Daeng Mallira menentang Kolonial Belanda di Kerajaan Tellu Limpoe pada tahun 1861-1871, (3) Menjelaskan strategi Massalinri Daeng Mallira dalam menentang Kolonial Belanda di Kerajaan Tellu Limpoe. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dengan tahapan-tahapan kerja sebagai berikut: (1) pemilihan topik, (2) pengumpulan sumber, (3) kritik sumber, (4) Interpretasi sumber, (5) Historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) Belanda masuk di Sinjai pada tahun 1636 melalui ekspansi wilayah dengan menjalankan politik devide et impera (politik pecah belah). Kerajaan-kerajaan di Sinjai menentang upaya Belanda untuk memisahkan hubungan persatuan antarkerajaan yang ada di Sulawesi Selatan. Rakyat Sinjai tetap berupaya berpegang pada perjanjian Topekkong. Kolonial Belanda kemudian menyerang Kerajaan Tellu Limpoe dan berhasil menguasainya. Pasukan Sinjai pada masa itu dipimpin oleh Andi Mandasini dan Baso Kalaka pada tahun 1859. (2) Alasan Massalinri Daeng Mallira menentang Belanda di Kerajaan Tellu Limpoe karena tidak tahan dengan perlakuan Belanda terhadap rakyat Tellu Limpoe, selain karena faktor siri, faktor agama dan faktor ekonomi, Belanda juga menngganti sistem pemerintahan tradisional menjadi sistem pemerintahan Kolonial, mengadakan pemecatan raja-raja dan mengadakan pembuatan jalan yang dikerjakan oleh rakyat Tellu Limpoe dengan upah rendah, (3) Strategi yang ditempuh Massalinri Daeng Mallira dalam menentang Belanda di kerajaan Tellu Limpoe yakni bergerilya. Massalinri juga melakukan penyerangan selama tiga kali. Pada tahun 1863 perang yang dilakukan akhirnya menewaskan Raja Bulo-bulo yaitu Abd. Ganing yang diangkat oleh Belanda. Massalinri juga berhasil melumpuhkan pasukan Belanda dalam penyerangannya di Cakeppong. Penyerangan kedua dilakukan pada tahun 1870 dengan cara bergerilya dan berhasil melumpuhkan pasukan Belanda di tempat pangkalan militer yaitu di gerbang Benteng Balangnipa. Perang ketiga terjadi pada tahun 1871 dan merupakan akhir perjuangan Massalinri. Pada perang ketiga, pasukan Belanda berhasil melumpuhkan pasukan Massalinri dan menewaskan Massalinri Daeng Mallira tepatnya di Cappa Galung (diujung sawah) Bola Roman, Bikeru.

The role of the local economy gets eroded due to the inclusion of capitalization in rural areas. This research examines the coal mining industry's influence on the local economy's existence in Berambai Hamlet, Bukit Pariaman Village, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research methods; meanwhile, data collection methods use field observation and in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted in stages through a snowball sampling to strengthen the observations' results. The results show that the local economy and livelihood in Berambai Hamlet are under pressure and eroded due to coal mining activities. Livelihood products shrank drastically, especially fish and rice, due to mining waste polluting rivers and agricultural land conversion to mining areas. Furthermore, other sources of income from farmworkers are not enough to fulfill the needs. The government needs to protect their livelihoods as a driving force for the local economy by integrating nature-based life. The government needs to develop local economic potentials, such as tourism areas, crafts, and artworks. The government also needs to strengthen village institutions. It must be carried out together with mining companies seriously. Furthermore, the government needs to maintain the unity of rural spatial and spatial planning.

The role of the local economy gets eroded due to the inclusion of capitalization in rural areas. This research examines the coal mining industry's influence on the local economy's existence in Berambai Hamlet, Bukit Pariaman Village, Tenggarong Seberang Sub-district, Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. This research uses qualitative research methods; meanwhile, data collection methods use field observation and in-depth interviews. Interviews were conducted in stages through a snowball sampling to strengthen the observations' results. The results show that the local economy and livelihood in Berambai Hamlet are under pressure and eroded due to coal mining activities. Livelihood products shrank drastically, especially fish and rice, due to mining waste polluting rivers and agricultural land conversion to mining areas. Furthermore, other sources of income from farmworkers are not enough to fulfill the needs. The government needs to protect their livelihoods as a driving force for the local economy by integrating nature-based life. The government needs to develop local economic potentials, such as tourism areas, crafts, and artworks. The government also needs to strengthen village institutions. It must be carried out together with mining companies seriously. Furthermore, the government needs to maintain the unity of rural spatial and spatial planning. ; Peran ekonomi lokal semakin terkikis akibat masuknya permodalan di pedesaan. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh industri pertambangan batu bara terhadap eksistensi perekonomian lokal di Dusun Berambai, Desa Bukit Pariaman, Kecamatan Tenggarong Seberang, Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara, Provinsi Kalimantan Utara, Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif; sedangkan metode pengumpulan datanya menggunakan observasi lapangan dan wawancara mendalam. Wawancara dilakukan secara bertahap melalui snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perekonomian dan mata pencaharian masyarakat di Dusun Berambai mengalami tekanan dan tergerus akibat kegiatan penambangan batu bara. Produk mata pencaharian menyusut drastis, terutama ikan dan beras akibat limbah tambang mencemari sungai dan perubahan lahan pertanian menjadi area pertambangan. Selain itu, sumber pendapatan lain dari buruh tani tidak cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan. Pemerintah perlu melindungi mata pencaharian mereka sebagai penggerak ekonomi lokal dengan mengintegrasikan kehidupan berbasis alam. Pemerintah perlu mengembangkan potensi ekonomi lokal, seperti kawasan pariwisata, kerajinan, dan karya seni. Pemerintah juga perlu memperkuat kelembagaan desa. Ini harus dilakukan bersama dengan perusahaan tambang secara serius. Selanjutnya, pemerintah perlu menjaga kesatuan tata ruang desa dan perencanaan tata ruang.

The number of practitioners appearing before international courts, tribunals, and arbitral panels has risen sharply in the last decade, prompting concerns over ethics and best practice standards. This book assesses these issues, and argues that common ethical standards will be key to maintaining the integrity of the international judicial system.

Turkey; economic conditions and economic policy