Suchergebnisse

The two States that have engaged the most with the European Neighbourhood Policy in the East, Moldova and Georgia, are a good example that this policy could have a certain positive impact on the society, economy and politics of the partner States through the promotion of democratic and economic reforms. Nonetheless, until now, the policy's impact has been significantly limited when dealing with the resolution of the secessionist conflicts of these countries: Transnistria in the case of Moldova, and Abkhazia and South Ossetia in the case of Georgia. Throughout this paper the author will defend that the reason for this lies on the fact that the interests of some Member States weight more than the EU common interests, especially, when they fear Kremlin's coercive reactions, given Russian energetic significance. ; Los dos Estados más comprometidos con la Política Europea de Vecindad en el Este, Moldavia y Georgia, son un buen ejemplo de que dicha política puede tener un cierto impacto positivo en la sociedad, economía y política de los Estados socios a través de la promoción de reformas democráticas y económicas. No obstante, su impacto hasta ahora ha sido considerablemente limitado cuando se trata de resolver los conflictos secesionistas de estos países: Transnistria en el caso de Moldavia, y Abjasia y Osetia del Sur en el caso de Georgia. A lo largo de este trabajo se intentará defender que la razón de ello reside en el hecho de que los intereses de algunos Estados miembros superan los intereses comunes de la UE, especialmente cuando temen las reacciones coercitivas del Kremlin, debido a la importancia energética de Rusia.

Abstract
The intensification of efforts by state and nonstate actors to address issues affecting global health has produced a patchwork of transnational regulatory governance. Within this field, nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) are expected to perform authoritative roles in holding business actors to account and enhance the democratic legitimacy of institutions via their participation in governance processes. While there exists a large body of conceptual and empirical research on global business regulation and private authority, we surprisingly know little about the governance functions of NGOs engaged in influencing the practices of corporations that produce health-harming commodities. This knowledge gap is especially pronounced in the issue area of noncommunicable diseases. This article begins to address this gap by mapping the networks of NGOs that engage in regulatory activities (rule-setting, monitoring, and enforcement) related to the (ultra)processed food and alcohol industries. We identify the networks of NGOs involved in global policy making across health, regulatory standards, and multistakeholder initiatives using nonstate actor submissions to consultations held by World Health Organization, UN Codex Alimentarius Commission (Codex), and the UN Global Compact. This paper examines NGO governance functions and their patterns of engagement and participation across institutional spheres. Overall, the article makes a twofold contribution to existing debates. First, we identify the governance functions through which NGOs attempt to hold corporations to account, contrasting their "watchdog" function with other governance functions. Second, we examine the representation of NGOs, highlighting asymmetries in participation of NGOs in the Global North and South.