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Dispersal ability is known to influence geographical structuring of genetic variation within species, with a direct relationship between low vagility and population genetic structure, which can potentially give rise to allopatric speciation. However, our general understanding of the relationship between dispersal ability, population differentiation and lineage diversification is limited. To address this issue, we sampled mitochondrial DNA variation within lineages of beetles and spiders across the Canary Islands to explore the relationships between dispersal ability, differentiation within lineages and diversification. We found positive relationships between population genetic structure and diversification for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons between dispersive and non-dispersive lineages revealed significant differences for both lineage differentiation and diversification. For both taxa, non-dispersive lineages had stronger population genetic structure. Genus-level endemic species richness and proxies for diversification rate within genera were higher in non-dispersive taxa for both beetles and spiders. Comparisons of average and maximum node divergences within genera suggest that species turnover may be higher in non-dispersive genera. Our results reveal a model where dispersal limitation may shape the diversity of lineages across evolutionary timescales by positively influencing intraspecific and species diversity, moderated by higher extinction rates compared to more dispersive lineages. ; This work was supported by projects CGL2017-85718-P (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Spain and EDRF, EU), and PID2020-116788GB-I00 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Spain) awarded to B.C.E. P.A. was funded through a Junior Leader Fellowship (LCF/BQ/PR21/11840006) by "la Caixa" Foundation (ID 100010434) and from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement no. 847648. D.S. was funded by the 'Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación' ...

Specialisation to the soil environment is expected to constrain the spatial scale of diversification within animal lineages. In this context, flightless arthropod lineages, adapted to soil environments, but with broad geographical ranges, rep-resent something of an anomaly. Here we investigate the diversification process within one such 'anomalous' soil specialist, an eyeless and flightless beetle species strongly adapted to the endogean environment but distributed across several oce-anic islands. ; We would like to thank Pedro Oromí, Rafael García, Irene Santos, Eduardo Jiménez, David Hernández and Antonia Salces-Castellano for their help in the fieldwork and/or sample processing. Rafael García also provides us specimens of Geomitopsis from La Palma. We thank Jesús Arribas for drawing the habitus of Geomitopsis. This work was supported by projects CGL2015-74178-JIN (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Spain and EDRF, EU) awarded to CA, CGL2017-85718-P (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Spain and EDRF, EU) awarded to BCE, PID2020-116788GB-I00 (funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, Spain) awarded to BCE, and with funds from FundaciónCaja Canarias and Fundacion Bancaria 'La Caixa' (project 2017RCE03). We extend our gratitude to the regional governments of the Canary Islands and the local councils (Cabildos) of Tenerife (Expte. AFF 144/18 N° Sigma 2018-01976, La Palma (Code A/EST-034/16 DAG/dag N. 201019378, Gran Canaria (SCQ/tsh/sbn N° Expte.: 110/18), La Gomera (Medio ambiente 5059-23-10-2020), El Hierro (N/Ref: MRR/gmq) and Fuerteventura (Medio Ambiente ACE/PRV/prs) for providing the required permits of collection. ; Peer reviewed

The organic wine market is rapidly growing worldwide, both in terms of production and consumption. However, the scientific literature is not conclusive regarding differences in the elemental composition of wines according to their production method, including both major and trace elements. Minerals can be present in wine as a result of both anthropogenic and environmental factors. To date, this has not been evaluated in volcanic contexts, neither has the emergent issue of rare earths and other minority elements as potential sources of food contamination. This study using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analyses organic and conventional wines produced in the Canary Islands (Spain), an archipelago of volcanic origin, to compare their content of 49 elements, including rare earths and minority elements. Our results showed that organic wines presented lower potential toxic element content on average than their conventional counterparts, but differences were not significant. Geographical origin of the wine samples (island) was the only significant variable differentiating wine samples by their composition profiles. By comparing our data with the literature, no agreement was found in terms of differences between organic and conventionally-produced wines. This confirms that other factors prevail over elemental composition when considering differences between wine production methods. Regarding the toxicological profile of the wines, five samples (three organic and two conventional) exceeded the maximum limits established by international legislation. This highlights the need for stricter analytical monitoring in the Canary Islands, with a particular focus on Cu and Ni concentration, and potentially in other volcanic areas. ; This paper was funded by the Cabildo de Tenerife (supported by the TFinnova Programme - MEDI and FDCAN) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación of Spain, RYC2018- 024025-I. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. ; Peer reviewed