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Since the 1980s, there have been changes & crises that have led to a rethinking of the reach of the social sciences, since some processes have already gone beyond state & society. It is now a question of an acceleration in international dynamic that causes conflicts among disciplines in trying to give an answer to contemporary phenomena. The author proposes to transform social knowledge because there are new problems & suggests the creation of a new understanding of the world that recognizes the interactions among constituent elements of the international system. Adapted from the source document.

The article examines change currently being witnessed & some of its manifestations, eg, the transition to integral & multidimensional knowledge & the rise of global thought & diminution of state power. The author asserts that the beginning of this era is characterized by change in ideas & structures. In the future, globality must rise above private & national thought; cooperation will be the only form of existence. Finally, the author states that education plays a fundamental role, since it contributes to students' awareness of new social conditions. In this sense, international relations & the social sciences, in general, must pay attention to technological innovation & demands from the market. Adapted from the source document.

Reseña del libro de Jorge Basurto, El juicio político y moral a Kurt Waldheim, México, UNAM, Instituto de Investigaciones Sociales, 1995, 193 p.

Discusses changes in political and economic relations between Mexico and Rumania, 1936-96.

Examines the foundations of socialism in the USSR & Eastern Europe, identifying external influences leading to its deterioration. It is argued that Soviet socialism developed during the 1917 revolution, with efforts to mobilize peasants & industrialize the country. In the 1980s, both perestroika & increasingly sophisticated communications technology facilitated the diffusion of Western neoliberal economic thought to socialist nations, weakening the philosophical bases of the Soviet state. Also, US military & economic measures exercised a profound influence. It is concluded that the US was the most critical external source contributing to the demise of the Soviet bloc. Adapted from the source document.

Examines the implications of the modern scientific & technological revolution on traditional cultures & their diversity. It is argued that modern technology has led to (1) social structure changes & transformation in the rhythm & tempo of life in many cultures & (2) political changes, primarily through acting on the character of military action. Also, technology has divided countries into technological producers & recipients. These changes have, in turn, led to profound shifts in the philosophical & metaphysical beliefs of cultures. Science & technology, then, have had both positive & negative impacts on cultures. It is concluded that human wisdom is necessary to channel the effects of technology in such a way that they become a liberating force for traditional cultures, rather than a force of domination. Adapted from the source document.

The technological factor is implicit in world reality. It is related to globalism & plays a theoretical role within the international relations discipline. A number of hypotheses are developed about technological factors, among them: (1) if the power of science & technology stems from research, then these disciplines need research in order to advance; & (2) science should be guided not by economic, political, or military objectives, but by collective, human, & social interests. This direction will require new international social parts, new forms of organization, & a decentralized & democratic system arranged between people & nature. 11 References. M. Pflum

Siendo un tema ya añejo, hay escasez de trabajos filosóficos sobre la interdisciplinariedad. Hoy en día, los cambios en la naturaleza y en la sociedad exigen respuestas científicas abarcadoras e inmediatas. De lo contrario, la empresa "humanidad" corre peligro. El problema de la interdisciplinariedad se retrotrae y en ocasiones se identifica con el de la unidad de las ciencias. La necesidad de desarrollar un método del "discurso interdisciplinario" es concomitante. En el presente artículo se pretende poner al descubierto la relación que existe entre tales problemas, en donde aparecen de manera recurrente los de la concepción de la realidad y el del papel del hombre, como sujeto y objeto de la historia y del propio quehacer científico.