Suchergebnisse

The main purpose of foreign language teaching is communication and socialization. Listening and speaking skills come to the fore compared to reading and writing in ensuring communication and socialization. As no production takes place without raw materials, no speaking occurs without listening. Films are one of the most essential materials enabling the development of listening and speaking skills. The purpose of this research is to explain how teachers of Turkish as a foreign language should use films to contribute to the development of their students' speaking and listening skills. In this study, the data was obtained through document review, which is one of the methods of qualitative data collection. It has been concluded that films, which appeal to more than one sense, are fun, interesting and mirror the everyday language, are effective in providing both motivation and continuity of linguistic messages in teaching Turkish as a foreign language. This indirectly supports the development of listening and speaking skills. Key Words: teaching Turkish as a foreign language, listening and speaking skills, material, film.

In this study, the methods used to provide student motivation in the development of four basic language skills in teaching Turkish as a foreign language were examined. In the research, a short scientific explanation about motivation was given and it was associated with the subject. The importance of using various motivational methods in Turkish education for foreign students and its effect on the teaching process are highlighted. In the study, different sources and data related to the subject were used. The purpose and methods of using motivation were questioned from the perspective of students and teachers. In the study, different ideas about the differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and which one is more efficient in the educational process were carried out. Case study, one of the qualitative patterns, was used in the research. Data were collected through document review and evaluated with content analysis. According to the findings, if internal and external motivation is used correctly and appropriately, it is understood that what is taught is used more quickly and for a long time by students. According to the results of the research, the contribution of motivation to foreign language education, the use of different types of motivation in second language teaching and which one is more efficient are scientifically explained. In addition, the importance of using different motivation methods in foreign language lessons and making new knowledge permanent thanks to it was emphasized. Keywords: Foreign language, Turkish teaching, student motivation, methods

Güç Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplininin önde gelen araştırma konularındandır. Bir devletin kendi çıkarlarını korumak ve taleplerini başka bir ülke ya da toplumda kabul ettirebilmek konusundaki maddi ve manevi potansiyeli olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Güç kavramı bir devletin coğrafyası, tarihi, kültürü, askeri kapasitesi, insan gücü, ekonomisi gibi faktörlerle şekillenmektedir. Ancak 20. yüzyılın başlarında yaşanan iki büyük savaş bu anlamdaki bir gücün taraflara yıkım getirdiğini göstermiştir. Bunun bir sonucu olarak gerek uygulamada ve gerekse alan-yazında farklı arayışlara girişilmiş ve yumuşak güç olarak kavramlaştırılan yaklaşım doğmuştur. Yumuşak güç, bir ülkenin sahip olduğu siyasi değerler, kültür yapısı ve uyguladığı dış politika yoluyla kendini bir cazibe merkezi haline getirme yeteneği olarak tanımlanabilir. Bu tez çalışmasının amacı, Türkiye'nin yumuşak güç uygulamalarını inceleyerek, yumuşak güç potansiyelini ortaya koymak ve gelişime açık alanları belirlemektir. Araştırma, Türkiye'nin yumuşak gücü, kamu diplomasisinin bir aracı olarak kullanma kapasitesinin ve potansiyelinin ne düzeyde olduğu sorusuna cevap aramaktadır. Cumhuriyet Dönemi ile sınırlı tutulmuş olan bu araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden literatür taraması kullanılmıştır. Türkiye'nin kültür, tarih, din, sağlık turizmi ve insani yardım alanlarında başarılı uygulamalara sahip olmakla birlikte, ekonomi, teknoloji, spor, üniversite, akademik araştırma alanlarında potansiyelini yeterince kullanamadığı belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye, Güç, Yumuşak Güç, Kamu Diplomasisi ; Power is one of the leading research topics of the International Relations Discipline. It is defined as the material and moral potential of a state to protect its own interests and to make its demands accepted in another country or society. The concept of power is shaped by factors such as geography, history, culture, military capacity, manpower, economy of a state. However, the two great wars that took place at the beginning of the 20th century showed that a power in this sense has caused the parties to experience devastation. As a result of this, different pursuits were embarked on both in practice and in literature, and the approach that was conceptualized as soft power was born. Soft power can be defined as a country's ability to make itself a center of attraction through its political values, cultural structure and foreign policy. The aim of this dissertation is to reveal its soft power potential and to identify areas open to development, by examining Turkey's soft power applications. The research seeks answers to the question is that in which level of Turkey's capacity and potential to use soft power as an instrument of Public Diplomacy. In this research, which was limited to the Republican Period, the literature review was used from qualitative research method. It has been determined that although Turkey has successful practices in the fields of culture, history, religion health tourism and human aid, it has not been able to adequately utilize its potential in the fields of economics, technology, sports, university education and academic researches. Key Words: Turkey, Power, Soft Power, Public Diplomacy

The aim of this study is to reveal the transition practices of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan politics with in the context of internal dynamics of the country. The study was completed with an interdisciplinary approach by examining the politics, history and management literature. The study was limited to the period in which Ahmad Shah Abdali provided the first Afghan Union in 1747 and to the re-establishment of the democracy in the country with the incentives of the Coalition Forces after September 11th. It has been found that the main factors affecting the establishment of democracy in the country are religion, sectarian differences, ethnic differences, external factors, terrorism and traditional society structure. The struggle for democratization of the country has been continuously interrupted by external interventions, internal conflicts and military coups. All these developments have made it difficult to establish a democracy culture based on reconciliation in the country by opening up ethnic groups in the country. Despite all these unfavorable reasons, the political and social change that started with the years of 2000 has been considered to create promising results in the name of the development of the democracy in the country, although it contains some problems. ; Bu çalıĢmanın amacı, Afganistan Ġslam Cumhuriyeti siyasetinde monarĢiden demokrasiye geçiĢ denemelerini ülkenin iç dinamikleri bağlamında ortaya koymaktır. ÇalıĢma siyaset, tarih ve yönetim alanyazını incelenerek interdisipliner bir yaklaĢımla tamamlanmıĢtır. ÇalıĢma 1747"de Ahmet ġah Abdali"nin ilk Afgan birliğini sağladığı dönem ile 11 Eylül sonrasında Koalisyon Güçlerinin teĢvikleriyle ülkede demokrasinin yeniden tesisine kadar ki süreçle sınırlandırılmıĢtır. Ülkede demokrasinin tesisinde etki eden baĢlıca faktörlerin din, mezhep farklılıkları, etnik köken farklılıkları, dıĢ etkenler, terörizm ve geleneksel toplum yapısı olduğu bulgusuna ulaĢılmıĢtır. Ülkenin demokratikleĢme çabaları dıĢ müdahaleler, iç çatıĢmalar ve askeri darbelerle sürekli kesintiye uğramıĢtır. Tüm bu geliĢmeler ülkedeki etnik grupların arasını açarak ülkede uzlaĢıya dayalı bir demokrasi kültürünün tesisini zorlaĢtırmıĢtır. Tüm bu olumsuzluklara rağmen 2000"li yıllarla birlikte baĢlayan siyasal ve toplumsal değiĢimin, içinde bir takım sorunlar barındırıyor olsa da, ülkede demokrasinin geliĢim adına umut vaat eden sonuçlar yaratacağı değerlendirilmektedir.

This dissertation aims to clarify the applicability of federal state model into Islamic Republic of Afghanistan with its advantages and disadvantages. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan has begun the modernization attempts concurrently with Turkey but its attempts have been failed because of the many internal or external reasons. Originating from the geographical, political, economic and demographic characteristics of Afghanistan, many ethnic groups are supporting unitary state model while many others are supporting federalism. The academic researches about governing structure of Islamic Republic of Afghanistan in Turkish literature are so rare. It is estimated that this study will fill an important gap in the literature. In the study, the theoretical part is fulfilled by searching the federal state model and federalism in national and international literature. One of the leading practitioners of federalism, the United States and the Federal Republic of Germany as a Western European State have been examined. By examining the similarities and differences between Afghanistan and these two countries, it has been tried to determine the level of federalism compliance for Afghanistan. ; Bu tez çalışmasının amacı federal devlet modelinin Afganistan İslam Cumhuriyeti'nde uygulanabilirliğini fayda ve mahzurlarıyla birlikte ortaya koymaktır. Afganistan İslam Cumhuriyeti Türkiye ile eş zamanlı olarak modernleşme çalışmalarına başlamış ancak bu çabaları iç ve dış bir takım etkenlerce başarıya ulaşamamıştır. Ülkenin coğrafi, siyasi, ekonomik ve demografik yapısına bağlı olarak, bazı etnik gruplar üniter devlet modelini savunurken bazı etnik gruplar ise federalizmi savunmaktadır. Türk yönetim alan yazınında Afganistan İslam Cumhuriyeti'nin yönetim yapısı hakkında yapılan akademik çalışmaların oldukça az olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın alan yazındaki önemli bir boşluğu dolduracağı değerlendirilmektedir. Çalışmada federal devlet modeli ve federalizm hakkındaki ulusal ve uluslararası alan yazın taranarak teorik kısım tamamlanmıştır. Federalizmin önde gelen uygulayıcılarından biri olan ABD ve bir Batı Avrupa Devleti olarak Federal Alman Cumhuriyeti'nin yapısı incelenmiştir. Bu iki ülke ile Afganistan'ın benzer ve farklı yönleri ele alınarak Afganistan için federalizmin uygunluk düzeyi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır.